Embedded card reader security

ABSTRACT

Techniques described herein are directed to embedded card reader security. In an example, personal account number data read from a payment instrument may be temporally and/or spatially separated from personal identification number data utilized to complete a payment for products. Temporal separation may include removing the personal account number data from a merchant device prior to request personal identification number data. Spatial separation may include utilization of trusted execution environments, separated embedded card reader applications, intermediary applications, and/or trust routines, for example to enable different components of a merchant device, and/or components of other devices and systems to handle personal account number data and personal identification number data.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Payment instruments are utilized to purchase products. In some examples,readers are incorporated into a point of sale device associated with apayment processing service. In other examples, readers are separate fromsuch point of sale devices. In still other examples, embedded cardreaders may be configured to operate on personal devices, such ascellphones, tablets, etc. In these and other examples, security ofinformation obtained by readers and/or other information associated withtransactions is desirable.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Features of the present disclosure, its nature and various advantages,will be more apparent upon consideration of the following detaileddescription, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Thedetailed description is set forth below with reference to theaccompanying figures. In the figures, the left-most digit(s) of areference number identifies the figure in which the reference numberfirst appears. The use of the same reference numbers in differentfigures indicates similar or identical items. The systems depicted inthe accompanying figures are not to scale and components within thefigures may be depicted not to scale with each other.

FIG. 1A illustrates an example environment for embedded card reader(ECR) security.

FIG. 1B illustrates a conceptual diagram of components utilized forperforming software personal identification number (PIN) on consumeroff-the-shelf devices (SPoC) techniques and ECR techniques.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example process associated with securing a paymentutilizing an ECR without generation of a default PIN.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example process associated with securing a paymentutilizing an ECR, where a point of sale (POS) application communicatesdirectly with an ECR.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example process associated with securing a paymentutilizing an intermediary application configured to communicate with thePOS application and the ECR.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example process associated with securing a paymentutilizing an ECR, where an ECR application performs security operationsassociated with the payment.

FIG. 6 illustrates a conceptual diagram of example components utilizedfor securing a payment, where processes associated with acquiring apersonal account number (PAN) and a PIN are separated.

FIG. 7 illustrates a conceptual diagram of example components utilizedfor securing a payment, where PAN data is handled by an isolated serviceand the POS application handles PIN data.

FIG. 8 illustrates a conceptual diagram of example components utilizedfor securing a payment, where processing of Europay, Mastercard, Visa(EMV) data is handled by a payment processing service instead of amerchant device.

FIG. 9 illustrates a conceptual diagram of example components utilizedfor securing a payment, where processing of EMV data is handled by avendor datacenter.

FIG. 10 illustrates a conceptual diagram of example components utilizedfor securing a payment utilizing a trusted execution environment (TEE).

FIG. 11 illustrates an example process for ECR security.

FIG. 12 illustrates another example process for ECR security.

FIG. 13 illustrates an example process for temporally separating PANdata and PIN data on a merchant device to assist in ECR security.

FIG. 14 illustrates an example process for spatially separating PAN dataand PIN data on a merchant device to assist in ECR security.

FIG. 15 illustrates an example merchant ecosystem for facilitating,among other things, techniques described herein.

FIG. 16 illustrates additional details associated with individualcomponents of the merchant ecosystem described in FIG. 15 .

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Techniques described herein are directed to, among other things,embedded card reader (ECR) security.

By way of example, the techniques described herein allow for PIN dataentry and PAN collection by a device without spatial or temporalseparation, and also allow for PAN data and PIN data separation achievedvia two-phase server messaging. Upon receiving a PIN entry request, aPOS application may return a default PIN without showing the PIN entrydialog to a buyer so that the payment kernels can proceed to creating aPIN outcome. The PIN outcome, without the actual PIN, may be stored inassociation with a payment processing service and then the PIN may becollected by the POS application and sent to the service. At the paymentprocessing service, tender requests may be stored and, upon receivingthe actual account PIN, may replace the default PIN. The paymentprocessing service may then send an authorization request to an issuerof the payment instrument utilized for the transaction. In addition tothis temporal separation, spatial separation may also be introduced inthe form of isolated process services. Examples of this may includeutilizing separate applications for handling PAN data and PIN data,introducing intermediary applications, utilizing trusted executionenvironments, and/or utilizing encryption schemes that allow for PANdata processing to occur at the payment processing service and/or avendor datacenter that is separate from the payment processing service.

Some merchants do not utilize specific POS devices to handletransactions, instead opting for utilizing consumer off-the-shelf (COTS)device to perform transactions. Example COTS devices include a typicalmobile device, such as cellphone, a tablet, etc. These devices may beutilized to install one or more applications that allow the COTS devicesto be utilized for acquiring PAN data and/or other information forsatisfying a payment. To do so, a near-field communication (NFC)component of a COTS device may be utilized by one or more applicationson the device to read PAN data from a payment instrument, and theapplications may utilize that PAN data to complete a transaction. Suchtechniques can be described as ECR techniques. In certain examples, COTSdevices and other devices may, in addition to acquiring PAN data, may beconfigured to acquire PIN data to authorize a transaction. Techniquesfor acquiring PIN data include “PIN-on-glass” techniques where a PIN pador other user interface is displayed on a merchant device configured toreceive user input represent a PIN. Corresponding PIN data is generatedon the merchant device and utilized for comparison with reference PINdata associated with the given payment instrument for completing apayment. Additionally, the techniques for acquiring PIN data includeSPoC, where a secure reader PIN, a PIN application, the merchant device,as well as backend monitoring and attestation systems are utilized toacquire PIN data. It should be understood that when a “card reader”and/or “reader” is described herein, those terms encompass componentsconfigured to acquire data from a payment instrument, which may be aphysical card and/or may be another device and/or object that is not acard. As such, anywhere where a “card” is described as being utilized byway of example, generally any payment instrument may be utilized.

Even in these examples where PIN data is utilized for a payment, the useof COTS devices, or otherwise devices that have not been specificallyconfigured as POS devices with typical security mechanisms put in place,represent an increased risk of unauthorized exposure of PAN data and/orPIN data by a nefarious actor. For example, if a nefarious actor hasgained access to a given COTS device, the presence of both PAN data andPIN data on the COTS device at the same time and/or with respect to thesame application increases the risk that the nefarious actor can acquireboth pieces of information to be utilized in a fraudulent transaction ata later time. As such, in addition to techniques for collectingunseparated PAN data and PIN data, the present disclosure alsodescribes, among other things, techniques for ensuring temporal and/orspatial separation of PAN data and PIN data as utilized by a COTS devicefor completing a payment associated with a transaction.

For example, the COTS device may include one or more components forensuring temporal and/or spatial separation of PAN data and PIN data onthe COTS device. In some examples, the ECR may be embedded into a cardreader library of a POS application and in these examples the ECR maycommunicate directly with the POS application and the NFC component ofthe COTS device. In this example, the ECR may be utilized to acquire thePAN data from the payment instrument and to provide the PAN data to thePOS application. The POS application may then be configured to associatea default PIN with the PAN data and send a tender request to a paymentprocessing service with the PAN data and the default PIN. Once the PANdata and the default PIN are sent to the payment processing service, thePOS application may be configured to delete or otherwise remove the PANdata from the COTS device prior to requesting the account PIN from thebuyer. By so doing, the PAN data and the PIN data for the account PINare not present on the COTS device at the same time. This temporalseparation of PAN data and PIN data may hinder a nefarious actor fromacquiring both pieces of information needed to utilize a paymentinstrument to make a payment. Once the PAN data is removed, a PIN entrydialog may be displayed to the buyer, and the buyer may provide userinput representing the account PIN, the PIN data may be sent to thepayment processing service, which may then send an authorization requestfor the payment to an issuer of the payment instrument. By utilizing theprocess described above, payment instrument security is increased in acomputer-centric way that is performed on-the-fly and in a timesensitive way.

In other examples, the ECR may be separated from the POS applicationand/or the card reader library and the ECR may be utilized as anisolated service. In these examples, there may be an intermediaryapplication between the ECR and the POS application, and the card readerlibrary may be standalone, integrated into the POS application, orintegrated into the intermediary application. This spatial separation ofthe ECR and the POS application may provide for a smaller attack surfacefor payment kernels and ensures that the ECR runs outside the POSapplication, which may be the most likely point of attack by a nefariousactor. In these examples, multiple trust applications may be utilized todetermine whether the COTS device is still a trusted device at the timeof a payment. In still other examples, the ECR may be deployed to theCOTS device as a separate application utilizing the card reader libraryas a separated application. In these examples, the ECR may beresponsible for performing the default PIN addition processes. In stillother examples, data encryption may be utilized at the COTS device suchthat decryption of at least the PAN data, and the PIN data in someexamples, is performed away from the COTS device. In this example, thePOS application may receive the encrypted data from the NFC component,and the POS application may send the encrypted data to the paymentprocessing service. The payment processing service may manage the keysand/or other decryption mechanisms and may decrypt the encrypted data toidentify the PAN data and/or the PIN data. In other examples, instead ofthe encrypted data being sent to the POS application, the encrypted datais sent to a vendor datacenter, which may be operated by an originalequipment manufacturer (OEM) of the device. The OEM may have the keysand/or other decryption mechanisms to decrypt the encrypted data andidentify the PAN data and/or the PIN data. In still other examples, aTEE may be utilized to enhance ECR security on the COTS device.

By performing one or more of the techniques described herein, spatialand/or temporal separation of PAN data from other data utilized for atransaction, such as PIN data, promotes security of the transaction andmakes unauthorized access to all information needed to nefariouslyutilize the payment instrument difficult to obtain. These techniques arespecific to the computer-centric problem of handling digitaltransactions on COTS devices where such devices may be compromised andunauthorized access may occur. These techniques are also specific tocomputer-centric solutions that utilize specifically-configuredapplications, application arrangements, encryption/decryption schemes,TEEs, and other components that could not be performed by a human being,whether as a mental process or through physical means. This addedsecurity is also implemented in a time-sensitive manner between when atransaction is initiated and when that transaction is completed (i.e., amatter of seconds), minimizing latency in the payment process.

In at least one example, operations performed by the payment processingservice can leverage a multi-party merchant ecosystem. That is, in someexamples, a payment processing service (e.g., server(s) associatedtherewith) can communicate with end users (e.g., customers and/ormerchants) via respective user computing devices, and over one or morenetworks. Such a remote, network-connected multi-party merchantecosystem can enable the payment processing service to access dataassociated with multiple, different merchants and/or customers, and usesuch data for improving ECR security, in some examples, in real time ornear-real time. Having a payment processing service, which may haveaccess to multiple disparate merchants and multiple disparate platforms,perform the processes associated with those described herein allows forthe unique generation and use of merchant-related data to increase ECRsecurity with respect to any given merchant.

The present disclosure provides an overall understanding of theprinciples of the structure, function, manufacture, and use of thesystems and methods disclosed herein. One or more examples of thepresent disclosure are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Thoseof ordinary skill in the art will understand that the systems andmethods specifically described herein and illustrated in theaccompanying drawings are non-limiting embodiments. The featuresillustrated or described in connection with one embodiment may becombined with the features of other embodiments, including as betweensystems and methods. Such modifications and variations are intended tobe included within the scope of the appended claims.

Additional details are described below with reference to several exampleembodiments.

FIG. 1A illustrates an example environment for embedded card readersecurity. In FIG. 1A, server(s) 106 can be associated with a paymentprocessing service, which can communicate with user computing devices,such as a merchant device 102 (also described herein as a merchantdevice and/or a merchant system) and buyer devices 104, via network(s)108. That is, the merchant device 102 and the buyer devices 104 arenetwork-connected devices that enable end users to access servicesprovided by the payment processing service (e.g., via the server(s)106). Additional details associated with the server(s) 106, the usercomputing devices (e.g., 102, 104), and the network(s) 108 are describedbelow with reference to FIGS. 15 and 16 .

In at least one example, the server(s) 104 can include a paymentprocessing component 152. The payment processing component 152 can,among other things, process transactions. That is, in at least oneexample, the payment processing component 152 can access payment dataassociated with a user, send a request for authorization of the paymentdata to a payment processing service, and process a transaction based ona response from the payment processing service. In other examples, thepayment processing component 152 can access an account maintained by thepayment processing service and can use funds associated with the accountto process a transaction.

In at least one example, the payment processing service can exposefunctionality and/or services via one or more APIs 150, thereby enablingfunctionality and/or services described herein to be integrated intovarious functional components of the environment 100. The API(s) 150,which can be associated with the server(s) 106, can expose functionalitydescribed herein and/or avail payment processing services to variousfunctional components associated with the environment 100. At least oneof the API(s) 150 can be a private API, thereby availing services and/orfunctionalities to functional components (e.g., applications, etc.) thatare developed internally (e.g., by developers associated with thepayment processing service). At least one of the API(s) 150 can be anopen or public API, which is a publicly available API that providesthird-party developers (e.g., OEMs described herein) with programmaticaccess to a proprietary software application or web service of thepayment processing service provider. That is, the open or public API(s)can enable functionality and/or services of the payment processingservice to be integrated into other platforms. The API(s) 150 caninclude sets of requirements that govern how applications, or otherfunctional components, can interact with one another.

In some examples, the payment processing service can provide third-partyentities with a software developer kit (“SDK”) that may utilizefunctionality exposed by the API(s) 150. The SDK can include softwaredevelopment tools that allow a third-party developer (i.e., a developerthat is separate from the payment processing service) to includefunctionality and/or avail services as descried herein. The SDK and/orthe API(s) 150 may include one or more libraries, programming code,executables, other utilities, and documentation that allows a developerto directly include functionality and/or avail services described hereinwithin an application as described herein.

In at least one example, the server(s) 106 can include, or otherwisehave access to, data store(s) 146. The data store(s) 146 can store,among other types of data, merchant data, user profiles and paymentrecords. For instance, a user profile of the buyer can store paymentdata associated with payment instrument(s) of the buyer. In someexamples, an account maintained by the payment processing service onbehalf of the buyer can be mapped to, or otherwise associated with, theuser profile of the buyer. Such an account can store funds received frompeer-to-peer payment transactions, deposits from employers, transfersfrom other accounts of the buyer, and so on. Additionally oralternatively, a user profile of the merchant can be mapped to, orotherwise associated with, an account of the merchant (which can bemaintained by the payment processing service, a bank, or another paymentservice). Additional details are provided below.

As illustrated in FIG. 1A, the merchant device 102 is associated withuser interface(s) that enable the buyer to interact with the merchantdevice 102. The user interface(s) can be presented via web browsers,applications (e.g., desktop or otherwise dedicated, provided by thepayment processing provider, provided by a third-party, etc.), or thelike to enable the buyer to access functionality and/or services asdescribed herein. Similarly, buyer device 104 can be associated withuser interface(s) which can be presented via web browsers, applications(e.g., desktop or otherwise dedicated, provided by the paymentprocessing service, provided by a third-party, etc.), or the like toenable the buyer to interact with the buyer device 104 and accessfunctionality and/or services as described herein.

As illustrated above, the environment 100 may include the merchantdevice 102, the server(s) 106, and/or the buyer device 104. The merchantdevice 102, in addition to the components discussed above, may includeone or more components such as one or more processors 110, one or morenetwork interfaces 112, memory 114, one or more microphones 116, one ormore speakers 118, one or more displays 120, and/or a NFC component 122.The microphones 116 may be configured to receive audio from theenvironment 100 may generate corresponding audio data, which may beutilized as discussed herein. The speakers 118 may be configured tooutput audio. The displays 120 may be configured to present images(which may be described as video). The NFC component 122 may be utilizedto wirelessly acquire data from a NFC-enabled payment instrument. Thememory 114 may include one or more components such as a POS application124, an ECR application 126, an intermediary application 128, an EMVkernel 130, one or more trust applications 132, a PIN application 134,and/or a TEE 136. These components will be described in detail below. Itshould be noted that the merchant device 102, like the other devices andsystems described herein, may take one or more forms, such as acomputing device, a laptop computer, a phone, and/or components thereof,for example.

In examples, a reader device 175 can be coupled to the merchant device102 via a wired or wireless connection, such as via a Bluetooth®, BLE,and so on. Additional details are described below with reference toFIGS. 15 and 16 . In some examples, the reader device 175 can readinformation from payment instruments. In some examples, the readerdevice 175 may physically interact with payment instruments such asmagnetic stripe payment cards, EMV payment cards, and/or short-rangecommunication (e.g., near field communication (NFC), radio frequencyidentification (RFID), Bluetooth®, Bluetooth® low energy (BLE), etc.)payment instruments (e.g., cards or devices configured for tapping). Insome examples, POS devices and reader devices can be configured inone-to-one pairings. In other examples, the POS devices and readerdevices can be configured in many-to-one pairings (e.g., one POS devicecoupled to multiple reader devices or multiple POS devices coupled toone reader device). In some examples, there could be multiple POSdevices(s) connected to a number of other devices, such as “secondary”terminals, e.g., back-of-the-house systems, printers, line-busterdevices, POS readers, and the like, to allow for information from thesecondary terminal to be shared between the primary POS terminal(s) andsecondary terminal(s), for example via short-range communicationtechnology.

The server(s) 106, also described herein as the payment processingservice 106, may include one or more components including, for example,one or more processors 138, one or more network interfaces 140, and/ormemory 142. The memory 142 may include one or more components such as,for example, an EMV kernel 144, the one or more data stores 146(described above), one or more machine learning models 148, the one ormore APIs 150 (described above), and/or the payment processing component152 (described above). These components will be described below by wayof example.

For example, the COTS device 102 may include one or more of thecomponents described above for ensuring temporal and/or spatialseparation of PAN data and PIN data on the COTS device 102. In someexamples, the ECR 126 may be embedded into a card reader library and inthese examples the ECR 126 may communicate directly with the POSapplication 124 and the NFC component 122 of the COTS device 102. Inthis example, the ECR 126 may be utilized to acquire PAN data from apayment instrument and to provide the PAN data to the POS application124. The POS application 124 may then be configured to associate adefault PIN with the PAN data and send an send a tender request to thepayment processing service 106 with the PAN data and the default PIN. Bysending the PAN data and the default PIN to the payment processingservice 106, the payment processing service 106 may have the necessaryinformation to initiate a payment process, but may not be able tocomplete the process because an account PIN has not yet been received.The default PIN may be a predefined PIN that the payment processingservice 106 is configured to recognize for purposes of enabling theprocesses described herein to increase security of COTS devicetransactions.

Once the PAN data and the default PIN are sent to the payment processingservice 106, the POS application 124 may be configured to delete orotherwise remove the PAN data from the COTS device 102 prior torequesting the account PIN from the buyer. By so doing, the PAN data andthe PIN data for the account PIN are not present on the COTS device 102at the same time. This temporal separation of PAN data and PIN data mayhinder a nefarious actor from acquiring both pieces of informationneeded to utilize a payment instrument to make a payment. Once the PANdata is removed, a PIN entry dialog may be displayed to the buyer, andthe buyer may provide user input representing the account PIN. The PINapplication 134, in examples, may be configured to receive the userinput and generate the PIN data. In some examples, the POS application124 and the PIN application 134 may be the same application. In otherexamples, the POS application 124 and the PIN application 134 may beseparate applications, which may increase the spatial separation betweenapplications handling PAN data and applications handling PIN data. ThePIN data may be sent to the payment processing service 106, which maythen send an authorization request for the payment to an issuer of thepayment instrument. The issuer may compare the account PIN as entered toa reference PIN associated with the PAN, and determine whether theaccount PIN as entered is authorized for the PAN. When authorized, theissuer may return an authorization response to the payment processingservice 106. The payment processing service 106 may provide anauthorization indication to the COTS device 102, which may complete thetransaction. By utilizing the process described above, paymentinstrument security is increased in a computer-centric way that isperformed on-the-fly and in a time sensitive manner.

In other examples, the ECR 126 and card reader library may be separatedand the ECR 126 may be utilized as an isolated service. In theseexamples, the card reader library may act as the intermediaryapplication 128 between the ECR 126 and the POS application 124. Thisspatial separation of the ECR 126 and the POS application 124 mayprovide for a smaller attack surface for payment kernels and ensuresthat the ECR 126 runs outside the POS application 124, which may be themost likely point of attack by a nefarious actor. In these examples,multiple trust applications 132 may be utilized to determine whether theCOTS device 102 is still a trusted device at the time of a payment.Additional details on the use of the trust applications 132 is providedherein, but generally the trust applications 132 may be utilized todetermine whether one or more conditions of the COTS device 102 indicatethat the COTS device 102 has been compromised or otherwise is no longera trusted device for acquiring PAN data and/or PIN data. In exampleswhere the intermediary application 128 is utilized, a trust application132 may be utilized for determining whether the POS application 124 hasbeen compromised and another trust application 132 may be utilized fordetermining whether the intermediary application 128 has beencompromised. In these examples, the POS application 124 may stillperform the default PIN addition processes described above.

In other examples, spatial and/or temporal separation of PIN data andPAN data may not be performed, and instead an encryption scheme may beutilized to promote the security of PIN data and PAN data. Thisencryption-based scheme is described in more detail below with respectto FIG. 2 . In these examples, encryption of the PIN data may beperformed utilizing one encryption technique and/or first encryptioncredentials (e.g., key(s)), while encryption of the PAN data may beperformed utilizing a different encryption techniques and/or secondencryption credentials. In other examples, encryption of the PIN dataand the PAN data may be performed utilizing the same encryptiontechnique.

The trust applications 132 may be configured with an augmented tamperand fraud detection methodology (e.g., trust routine), which isdescribed in greater detail in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos.15/199,917 and 15/199,933, which are incorporated herein by reference,in their entirety. In some examples, one or more trust commands may beinitiated on one or more target device(s) (e.g., user device and/ormerchant device(s)). The trust commands include varying levels ofspecificity and granularity, such as hashing a portion of a softwarecode, scanning memory of the payment entity, checking for jail-breakingof the software code, gathering metadata of a mounted file system, orthe like. The trust commands may be based on reliably measured data ortest criteria collected over a population of payment platforms orpre-set values determined by security experts. After incorporation ofthe trust routine, the service may assign the user device and/or themerchant device as a trusted device for a predetermined period of time.In various examples, the service may assign an attestation ticket to thetrusted device(s) for future interactions. In such examples, at thelapse of the time period, the attestation routine can be re-initializedand re-executed to attest the trusted device. Accordingly, the trusteddevice may be used to securely transfer transaction data, paymentinstrument data, and/or verification data between the transaction serverand the user device and/or merchant device to conduct securetransactions and decrease instances of fraud.

In still other examples, the ECR 126 may be deployed to the COTS device102 as a separate application utilizing the card reader library as aseparated application. In these examples, the ECR 126 may be responsiblefor performing the default PIN addition processes. Again, thisembodiment allows for a smaller attack surface for the payment kernel,and increases spatial separation of processes performed as between thePOS application 124 and the ECR application 126. Another benefit of thisembodiment is that NFC communication is isolated from the POSapplication 124, as the ECR application 126 handles many of theoperations that would have been performed on the POS application 124. Asthe intermediary application 128 is utilized in this embodiment, twotrust applications 132 may be utilized, as described above.

In still other examples, data encryption may be utilized at the COTSdevice 102 such that decryption of at least the PAN data, and the PINdata in some examples, is performed on the COTS device 102 and thepayment processing service 106 is utilized to identify the PAN dataand/or the PIN data from encrypted data sent to the payment processingservice 106. For example, an encryption API may be utilized to encryptthe PAN data read from the NFC component 122. The COTS device 102 maynot include the necessary keys or other decryption mechanisms to decryptthe encrypted data. In this example, the POS application 124 may receivethe encrypted data from the NFC component 122, and the POS application124 may send the encrypted data to the payment processing service 106.The payment processing service 106 may manage the keys and/or otherdecryption mechanisms and may decrypt the encrypted data to identify thePAN data and/or the PIN data. The encrypted data may be described asencrypted EMV data when EMV protocols are utilized for acquiring datafrom the payment instrument. In this example, the EMV kernel 130 and/orthe EMV kernel 144 may be isolated from other components to minimizevulnerabilities in EMV parsers utilized during processing. The EMVkernel 144 may parse the EMV data to identify the PAN data, as describedherein.

In still other examples, data encryption may be utilized at the COTSdevice 102 such that decryption of at least the PAN data, and the PINdata in some examples, is performed on the COTS device 102 and thepayment processing service 106 is utilized to identify the PAN dataand/or the PIN data from encrypted data sent to the payment processingservice 106. For example, the encryption API may be utilized to encryptthe PAN data read from the NFC component 102. The COTS device 102 maynot include the necessary keys or other decryption mechanisms to decryptthe encrypted data. In this example, instead of the encrypted data beingsent to the POS application 102, the encrypted data is sent to a vendordatacenter 154, which may be operated by an OEM of the COTS device 102.The OEM may have the keys and/or other decryption mechanisms to decryptthe encrypted data and identify the PAN data and/or the PIN data. Thepayment processing service 106 may query the OEM for the PAN data and/orfor an encrypted version of the PAN data that can be decrypted by thepayment processing service 106 to complete the transaction. In thisexample, the POS application 124 merely receives indications of paymentstates from other components of the COTS device 102 and/or from thepayment processing service 106, but the PAN data is spatially separatedfrom the POS application 124 at all times during the transaction.

In still other examples, the TEE 136 may be utilized to enhance ECRsecurity on the COTS device 102. For example, when the PAN data is readby the NFC component 122, the PAN data may be sent to the TEE 136, whichmay be isolated from other components of the COTS device 102. The TEE136 may provide more security than the POS application 124 inrestricting access to the TEE 136 without proper authorization. In thisexample, the TEE 136 may communicate with the payment processing service106 to send the PAN data and/or an encrypted version of the PAN data.The payment processing service 106 may utilize this data to determinewhether a payment is authorized, and payment transaction indications maybe sent from the payment processing service 106 to the POS application124, such as to indicate whether a payment is authorized. In this way,the POS application 124 may not have access to the PAN data but insteadmay progress through a transaction based at least in part on indicationsreceived from the payment processing service 106.

By performing one or more of the techniques described herein, spatialand/or temporal separation of PAN data from other data utilized for atransaction, such as PIN data, promotes security of the transaction andmakes unauthorized access to all information needed to nefariouslyutilize the payment instrument difficult to obtain. These techniques arespecific to the computer-centric problem of handling digitaltransactions on COTS devices 102 where such devices may be compromisedand unauthorized access may occur. These techniques are also specific tocomputer-centric solutions that utilize specifically-configuredapplications, application arrangements, encryption/decryption schemes,TEEs, and other components that could not be performed by a human being,whether as a mental process or through physical means. This addedsecurity is also implemented in a time-sensitive manner between when atransaction is initiated and when that transaction is completed (i.e., amatter of seconds), minimizing latency in the payment process.

In at least one example, operations performed by the payment processingservice can leverage a multi-party merchant ecosystem. That is, in someexamples, a payment processing service (e.g., server(s) associatedtherewith) can communicate with end users (e.g., customers and/ormerchants) via respective user computing devices, and over one or morenetworks. Such a remote, network-connected multi-party merchantecosystem can enable the payment processing service to access dataassociated with multiple, different merchants and/or customers, and usesuch data for improving ECR security, in some examples, in real time ornear-real time. Having a payment processing service, which may haveaccess to multiple disparate merchants and multiple disparate platforms,perform the processes associated with those described herein allows forthe unique generation and use of merchant-related data to increase ECRsecurity with respect to any given merchant.

It should be noted that the exchange of data and/or information asdescribed herein may be performed only in situations where a user hasprovided consent for the exchange of such information. For example, uponsetup of devices and/or initiation of applications, a user may beprovided with the opportunity to opt in and/or opt out of data exchangesbetween devices and/or for performance of the functionalities describedherein. Additionally, when one of the devices is associated with a firstuser account and another of the devices is associated with a second useraccount, user consent may be obtained before performing some, any, orall of the operations and/or processes described herein. Additionally,the operations performed by the components of the systems describedherein may be performed only in situations where a user has providedconsent for performance of the operations.

Additionally, the models 148 may be trained based on transactioninformation and/or other information associated with paymenttransactions. For example, transaction information of transactionsperformed between multiple merchants and multiple buyers may be receivedat the payment processing service 106. This information may be receivedfrom merchant computing devices associated with the merchants. In theseexamples, the merchant computing devices may have respective instancesof a merchant application installed thereon for configuring the merchantcomputing devise as point-of-sale (POS) terminals, respectively. Therespective instances of the merchant application may configure the POSterminals to communicate the transaction information over one or morenetworks to the payment processing service 106. In some examples, thePOS terminals could be online terminals. Utilizing the transactioninformation, the payment processing service 106 may generate profiles,using a model trained using at least one of merchant information, buyerinformation, and/or the transaction information.

In some implementations, the methods and systems described herein can beintegrated with voice services (e.g. Amazon's ALEXA®, Apple's SIRI®, orMicrosoft's CORTANA®) through specific API calls to such services fromwithin the multimedia interface. The present methods and systems canintegrate with the “wake words” for invoking their respective voiceservice, ecommerce and fulfillment channels. For example, speakerrecognition techniques may be utilized to determine user profilesassociated with users that provide user utterances to user devices forperforming one or more of the operations described herein. Thedetermined user profile may be utilized to customize the securityprotocols described herein. In addition, the voice interface may beassociated with an online platform, and that platform may be utilized tofulfill merchant commands as described herein.

FIG. 1B illustrates a conceptual diagram of components utilized forperforming SPoC and ECR techniques. FIG. 1B is utilized herein toprovide an example process flow of a PIN transaction in a software-basedPIN entry solution. As shown in FIG. 1B, a COTS device, such as amerchant device 102, may be present and that COTS device may include aPIN cardholder verification method (CVM) application installed thereon,such as POS application 124 and/or PIN application 134. The COTS devicemay be associated with a PIN pad entry screen, an attestation component,and a secure session component. Additionally, a secure card reader—PIN(SCRP) may be present. The SCRP may include a physical card reader, suchas a reader device 175, may include a PCR that has been assessed to becompliant. In examples, the SCRP can be coupled to the merchant devicevia a wired or wireless connection, such as via a Bluetooth®, BLE, andso on. Additional details are described below with reference to FIGS. 15and 16 . In some examples, the SCRP can read information from paymentinstruments. In some examples, the SCRP may physically interact withpayment instruments such as magnetic stripe payment cards, EMV paymentcards, and/or short-range communication (e.g., near field communication(NFC), radio frequency identification (RFID), Bluetooth®, Bluetooth® lowenergy (BLE), etc.) payment instruments (e.g., cards or devicesconfigured for tapping). In some examples, POS devices and readerdevices can be configured in one-to-one pairings. In other examples, thePOS devices and reader devices can be configured in many-to-one pairings(e.g., one POS device coupled to multiple reader devices or multiple POSdevices coupled to one reader device). In some examples, there could bemultiple POS devices(s) connected to a number of other devices, such as“secondary” terminals, e.g., back-of-the-house systems, printers,line-buster devices, POS readers, and the like, to allow for informationfrom the secondary terminal to be shared between the primary POSterminal(s) and secondary terminal(s), for example via short-rangecommunication technology. In examples, the card reader library and/orintermediary application as described herein may be configured to assistwith establishing and/or facilitating secure exchange of data betweenthe SCRP and the POS application(s) 124 and/or ECR 126

The SCRP may include components utilized for PIN translation and toacquire PAN data and track equivalent data encryption. A buyer deviceand/or payment instrument may also be present to perform the SPoCtechniques described herein. In addition to the SCRP, or instead of theSCRP, an ECR such as ECR 126 may be present. The ECR may not be aseparate physical card reader like the SCRP, but instead may includecomponents that are embedded in the COTS device. The ECR may beconfigured to encrypt the PAN data and to monitor data encryptionassociated with a payment. In an example, the ECR may be configured toalso encrypt application protocol data units (APDUs) that arecommunicated by the ECR to other components, such as to the POSapplications, like the POS application 124, and/or other components ofthe COTS device.

One or more devices and/or systems may be in communication with the COTSdevice and may include a monitoring attestation component, an instanceof a PIN CVM application, a COTS component, a SCRP component, anattestation component, and/or other components that may be utilized forPIN CVM application key management and/or attestation purposes. Thedevices and/or systems may include a card data decryption environmentand/or a payment card industry (PCI) PIN environment. Within the carddata decryption environment, key management processes may be performedas well as PIN transaction security hardware security module (HSM)security requirements. Additionally, payment processing processes mayalso be performed as described herein. When the ECR is utilized asopposed to the SCRP, the PIN/PAN encryption component of the COTS devicemay be utilized for encryption of PIN and/or PAN data as described morefully herein. In some examples, a key may be utilized for PIN and/or PANencryption.

Utilizing some or all of the components described herein, the followingSPoC techniques may be performed to utilize a software PIN for securingand/or authorizing a transaction. First, the PIN CVM application on theCOTS device and the SCRP may be initialized with keys. This process maybe asynchronous with the transaction at issue. Then, a securecommunication channel between the PIN CVM application and the back-endmonitoring system may be established. To do this, the secure sessioncomponents of the COTS device and the secure session components of theother device may communicate to establish a secure session.

Thereafter, the back-end monitoring system may determine the securitystatus of the mobile payment-acceptance platform utilizing theattestation components described herein. During this process, the SCRP,ECR, COTS platform, and PIN CVM application may communicate to determinethe security status among the devices and components and attestation maybe performed. Attestation may include actions between a verifier, whichmay be server-based, and a prover, which may be client-based, todetermine the current security state/behavior of the prover based onpredefined measurements and thresholds provided by the prover.

Then, a payment card and/or other device capable of transmitting carddata, such as a buyer device, may be presented to the SCRP. The PIN CVMapplication PIN entry component may render the PIN entry screen on theCOTS platform and the cardholder may enter his/her PIN using therendered PIN pad from the PIN CVM application. The resulting data may beenciphered and sent to the SCRP by the PIN CVM application. The SCRP mayencipher the PAN data using preloaded data encryption keys utilizingonline PIN verification or offline PIN verification processes.Thereafter, the payment transaction may be processed utilizing thepayment processing components described herein.

Alternatively, a payment card and/or other device capable oftransmitting card data, such as a buyer device, may be presented to theECR for purposes of collecting PAN data. For example, a POS applicationmay send a start-payment request to the ECR. The ECR may send anapplication protocol data unit (APDU) command to the POS application.The APDU command may initiate the process of causing a reader to acquiredata from a payment instrument. For example, the ECR may generate and/orutilize a stored APDU command and may send that command to the POSapplication such that the POS application and the NFC component maycommunicate directly to acquire a PAN associated with the buyer'spayment instrument. The POS application may send an instance of the APDUcommand to the NFC component. The NFC component may then send an APDUresponse to the POS application. The APDU response may include the PANdata as read from the payment instrument. The ECR may send a PIN entryrequest to the POS application. Generally, for PIN-on-glass and SPoCtransactions, the request for entry of a PIN is made to gather therequired account PIN to associate with the PAN data. However, in thisexample, to promote temporal separation of PAN data and PIN data on themerchant device, the response to the PIN entry request may not causedisplay of a PIN entry user interface or otherwise cause the device toacquire PIN data. Instead, the POS application may send a default PIN tothe ECR and the ECR may send an authorization request to the POSapplication. At this point, the POS application may have all the dataneeded to request authorization for the payment utilizing the paymentinstrument from the payment processing service. Once the PAN data isremoved from the device as described herein, the request for the actualPIN may be made. The PIN CVM application PIN entry component may renderthe PIN entry screen on the COTS platform and the cardholder may enterhis/her PIN using the rendered PIN pad from the PIN CVM application.

In other examples, spatial and/or temporal separation of PIN data andPAN data may not be performed, and instead an encryption scheme may beutilized to promote the security of PIN data and PAN data. Thisencryption-based scheme is described in more detail below with respectto FIG. 2 . The PAN data may be acquired using ECR as described herein.The PIN CVM application PIN entry component may render the PIN entryscreen on the COTS platform and the cardholder may enter his/her PINusing the rendered PIN pad from the PIN CVM application. In theseexamples, encryption of the PIN data may be performed utilizing oneencryption technique and/or first encryption credentials (e.g., key(s)),while encryption of the PAN data may be performed utilizing a differentencryption techniques and/or second encryption credentials. In otherexamples, encryption of the PIN data and the PAN data may be performedutilizing the same encryption technique.

In still other examples, the POS application, having received anindication that the payment process is to be initiated, may generate andsend the start-payment request to an intermediary application. Thisspatial separation of the ECR and the POS application may provide for asmaller attack surface for payment kernels and ensures that the ECR runsoutside the POS application, which may be the most likely point ofattack by a nefarious actor. In these examples, multiple trustapplications may be utilized to determine whether the merchant device isstill a trusted device at the time of a payment. Additional details onthe use of trust applications is provided herein, but generally thetrust applications may be utilized to determine whether one or moreconditions of the merchant device indicate that the merchant device hasbeen compromised or otherwise is no longer a trusted device foracquiring PAN data and/or PIN data. In examples where the intermediaryapplication is utilized, a trust application may be utilized fordetermining whether the POS application has been compromised and anothertrust application may be utilized for determining whether theintermediary application has been compromised. In these examples, thePOS application may still perform the default PIN addition processesdescribed above. When the actual PIN is requested, the PIN CVMapplication PIN entry component may render the PIN entry screen on theCOTS platform and the cardholder may enter his/her PIN using therendered PIN pad from the PIN CVM application.

In still other examples, an ECR application may perform securityoperations associated with the payment. In these examples, in additionto the use of an intermediary application, the intermediary applicationmay send an instance of the start-payment request to the ECRapplication. For example, when a trust routine indicates that theintermediary application has not been compromised, the intermediaryapplication may send the instance of the start-payment request to theECR application. The ECR application may send an APDU command to the NFCcomponent, and further communications between the NFC component and thePOS application may utilize the ECR application.

In examples, the PIN is entered on a touchscreen of the COTS device.However, in some examples, a buyer device is utilized for entering thePIN, and the attestation, monitoring, and other operations associatedwith SPoC techniques are performed in association with the buyer device.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example process associated with securing a paymentutilizing an ECR without generation of a default personal identificationnumber (PIN). FIG. 2 provides a sequence diagram indicating an examplesequence of processes. It should be understood that the sequenceprovided in FIG. 2 is provided by way of example, not as a limitation,and that some or all of the operations described in FIG. 2 may beperformed in a different order and/or in parallel.

At block 202, the POS application 124 may send a start-payment requestto the ECR 126. For example, a merchant may add products to atransaction to be purchased by a buyer, and when all of the products thebuyer wishes to buy have been added, the merchant may initiate a paymentprocess for satisfying payment for the products. The POS application124, having received an indication that the payment process is to beinitiated, may generate and send the start-payment request to the ECR126.

At block 204, the ECR 126 may send an application protocol data unit(APDU) command to the POS application 124. The APDU command may initiatethe process of causing a reader to acquire data from a paymentinstrument. For example, the ECR 126 may generate and/or utilize astored APDU command and may send that command to the POS application 124such that the POS application 124 and the NFC component 122 maycommunicate directly to acquire a PAN associated with the buyer'spayment instrument.

At block 206, the POS application 124 may send an instance of the APDUcommand to the NFC component 122. Sending of the APDU command to the NFCcomponent 122 may cause the NFC component 122 to initiate and/or to readPAN data from a payment instrument and/or to send read PAN data to oneor more components of the merchant device.

At block 208, the NFC component 122 may send an APDU response to the POSapplication 124. The APDU response may include the PAN data as read fromthe payment instrument. The APDU response may also include otherinformation associated with acquiring data from the payment instrument,such as encryption-related data when encryption is utilized.

At block 210, the POS application 124 may send the APDU response and/oran indication of the APDU response to the ECR 126. For example, the POSapplication 124 may indicate to the ECR 126 that responsive data hasbeen received from the NFC component 122 and that the payment processingis to proceed.

At block 212, the ECR 126 may send a PIN entry request to the POSapplication 124. Generally, for PIN-on-glass and SPoC transactions, therequest for entry of a PIN is made to gather the required account PIN toassociate with the PAN data.

At block 214, the POS application 124 may cause a PIN entry dialog to bepresented to a buyer. In other embodiments where SPoC is utilized, thePOS application 124 may query one or more devices, such as a buyerdevice 104 and/or a remote system, for the software PIN as describedmore fully herein. For example, a user interface of the merchant devicemay display a PIN entry dialog, such as a PIN pad, configured to acceptuser input corresponding to the account PIN. In the SPoC embodiment, themerchant device may query one or more devices to receive the softwarePIN, as described more fully herein.

At block 216, user input data representing the account PIN and/or thesoftware PIN may be received at the POS application 124. At this point,the POS application 124 may have stored in association therewith theaccount PIN and/or software PIN as well as the PAN data.

At block 218, the POS application 124 may perform encryption of the PINdata and the PAN data. In examples, encryption of the PIN data may beperformed utilizing one encryption technique and/or first encryptioncredentials (e.g., key(s)), while encryption of the PAN data may beperformed utilizing a different encryption techniques and/or secondencryption credentials. In other examples, encryption of the PIN dataand the PAN data may be performed utilizing the same encryptiontechnique.

At block 220, the POS application 124 may send a tender request to thepayment processing service 106. The tender request may include anidentifier of the payment at issue, the PAN data, which may be encryptedin certain examples, and the account PIN.

At block 222, the payment processing service 106 may send anauthorization request indicating the PAN data and the account PIN to anissuer of the payment instrument utilized to satisfy the payment. Theissuer may utilize the PAN data and the account PIN to determine whetherto authorize the payment. If the payment instrument is associated withan account with sufficient funds to satisfy the payment, and if theaccount PIN is the PIN associated with the payment instrument, theissuer may authorize the payment.

At block 224, the issuer may return an authorization response, which mayindicate whether the payment instrument is accepted or denied forsatisfying the payment. In examples, the authorization response may notinclude the PAN data and/or the account PIN, but may instead include anindication of payment approval or denial.

At block 226, the payment processing service 106 may send a tenderresponse to the POS application 124. The tender response may indicate tothe POS application 124 that the tender request was received but thatthe account PIN is still needed.

At block 228, the POS application 124 may send a complete-bill requestto the payment processing service 106. For example, when the issuer hasapproved use of the payment instrument to satisfy the payment, the POSapplication 124 may generate the complete-bill request, which indicatesthat requirements for completing the payment have been met and that theopen bill associated with the payment is to be completed. The paymentprocessing service 106 may utilize the complete-bill request to updateits system to indicate that a status of the payment is complete.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example process 300 associated with securing apayment utilizing an ECR, where a POS application communicates directlywith the ECR. FIG. 3 provides a sequence diagram indicating an examplesequence of processes. It should be understood that the sequenceprovided in FIG. 3 is provided by way of example, not as a limitation,and that some or all of the operations described in FIG. 3 may beperformed in a different order and/or in parallel.

At block 302, the POS application 124 may send a start-payment requestto the ECR 126. For example, a merchant may add products to atransaction to be purchased by a buyer, and when all of the products thebuyer wishes to buy have been added, the merchant may initiate a paymentprocess for satisfying payment for the products. The POS application124, having received an indication that the payment process is to beinitiated, may generate and send the start-payment request to the ECR126.

At block 304, the ECR 126 may send an application protocol data unit(APDU) command to the POS application 124. The APDU command may initiatethe process of causing a reader to acquire data from a paymentinstrument. For example, the ECR 126 may generate and/or utilize astored APDU command and may send that command to the POS application 124such that the POS application 124 and the NFC component 122 maycommunicate directly to acquire a PAN associated with the buyer'spayment instrument.

At block 306, the POS application 124 may send an instance of the APDUcommand to the NFC component 122. Sending of the APDU command to the NFCcomponent 122 may cause the NFC component 122 to initiate and/or to readPAN data from a payment instrument and/or to send read PAN data to oneor more components of the merchant device.

At block 308, the NFC component 122 may send an APDU response to the POSapplication 124. The APDU response may include the PAN data as read fromthe payment instrument. The APDU response may also include otherinformation associated with acquiring data from the payment instrument,such as encryption-related data when encryption is utilized.

At block 310, the POS application 124 may send the APDU response and/oran indication of the APDU response to the ECR 126. For example, the POSapplication 124 may indicate to the ECR 126 that responsive data hasbeen received from the NFC component 122 and that the payment processingis to proceed.

At block 312, the ECR 126 may send a PIN entry request to the POSapplication 124. Generally, for PIN-on-glass and SPoC transactions, therequest for entry of a PIN is made to gather the required account PIN toassociate with the PAN data. However, here, to promote temporalseparation of PAN data and PIN data on the merchant device, the responseto the PIN entry request may not cause display of a PIN entry userinterface or otherwise cause the device to acquire PIN data.

Instead, at block 314, the POS application 124 may send a default PIN tothe ECR 126. The default PIN may be any numeric, alphabetic, and/oralpha-numeric code that has been predetermined to be a default code tosatisfy a requirement that PAN data, when sent to the payment processingservice 106, includes a PIN. However, since the PIN is not the actualaccount PIN associated with the payment instrument, the default PINcannot be utilized to complete the transaction.

At block 316, the ECR 126 may send an authorization request to the POSapplication 124. At this point, the POS application 124 may have all thedata needed to request authorization for the payment utilizing thepayment instrument from the payment processing service 106.Additionally, the data needed to satisfy requirements of the ECR 126 forproceeding with the payment process may have also been satisfied.

At block 318, the POS application 124 may send a tender request to thepayment processing service 106. The tender request may include anidentifier of the payment at issue, the PAN data, which may be encryptedin certain examples, and the default PIN. The payment processing service106 may receive the tender request and identify the included PIN as thedefault PIN. Based at least in part on the tender request including thedefault PIN, the payment processing service 106 may determine whetherthe default PIN that was received corresponds to the predefined defaultPIN. It should be understood that while one default PIN is described,the default PIN may be dynamic and may change, such as over time and/orbased on characteristics of the merchant, buyer, transaction, and/or anyother factor associated with the payment. At this point, the POSapplication 124 may remove the PAN data from the merchant device suchthat, before the account PIN is provided to the merchant device, the PANdata is not present on the merchant device.

At block 320, the payment processing service 106 may send a tenderresponse to the POS application 124. The tender response may indicate tothe POS application 124 that the tender request was received but thatthe account PIN is still needed.

At block 322, the POS application 124 may cause a PIN entry dialog to bepresented to a buyer. In other embodiments where SPoC is utilized, thePOS application 124 may query one or more devices, such as a buyerdevice 104 and/or a remote system, for the software PIN as describedmore fully herein. For example, a user interface of the merchant devicemay display a PIN entry dialog, such as a PIN pad, configured to acceptuser input corresponding to the account PIN. In the SPoC embodiment, themerchant device may query one or more devices to receive the softwarePIN, as described more fully herein.

At block 324, user input data representing the account PIN and/or thesoftware PIN may be received at the POS application 124. At this point,the POS application 124 may have stored in association therewith theaccount PIN and/or software PIN, but not the PAN data given that the PANdata was previously removed from the merchant device as described above.

At block 326, an add-PIN request may be sent to the payment processingservice 106. The add-PIN request may include the account PIN and, inexamples, an identifier of the payment at issue. At this point, thepayment processing service 106 may associate the account PIN with thePAN data for the payment.

At block 328, the payment processing service 106 may send anauthorization request indicating the PAN data and the account PIN to anissuer of the payment instrument utilized to satisfy the payment. Theissuer may utilize the PAN data and the account PIN to determine whetherto authorize the payment. If the payment instrument is associated withan account with sufficient funds to satisfy the payment, and if theaccount PIN is the PIN associated with the payment instrument, theissuer may authorize the payment.

At block 330, the issuer may return an authorization response, which mayindicate whether the payment instrument is accepted or denied forsatisfying the payment. In examples, the authorization response may notinclude the PAN data and/or the account PIN, but may instead include anindication of payment approval or denial.

At block 332, the payment processing service 106 may send an add-PINresponse to the POS application 124. The add-PIN response may be inresponse to the add-PIN request described above and may indicate thatthe payment instrument has been approved or denied for satisfying thepayment.

At block 334, the POS application 124 may send a complete-bill requestto the payment processing service 106. For example, when the issuer hasapproved use of the payment instrument to satisfy the payment, the POSapplication 124 may generate the complete-bill request, which indicatesthat requirements for completing the payment have been met and that theopen bill associated with the payment is to be completed. The paymentprocessing service 106 may utilize the complete-bill request to updateits system to indicate that a status of the payment is complete.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example process 400 associated with securing apayment utilizing an intermediary application configured to communicatewith the POS application 124 and the ECR 126. FIG. 4 provides a sequencediagram indicating an example sequence of processes. It should beunderstood that the sequence provided in FIG. 4 is provided by way ofexample, not as a limitation, and that some or all of the operationsdescribed in FIG. 4 may be performed in a different order and/or inparallel.

At block 402, the POS application 124 may send a start-payment requestto an intermediary application 128, which may be described herein as acard reader library application. For example, a merchant may addproducts to a transaction to be purchased by a buyer, and when all ofthe products the buyer wishes to buy have been added, the merchant mayinitiate a payment process for satisfying payment for the products. ThePOS application 124, having received an indication that the paymentprocess is to be initiated, may generate and send the start-paymentrequest to the intermediary application 128. This spatial separation ofthe ECR 126 and the POS application 124 may provide for a smaller attacksurface for payment kernels and ensures that the ECR 126 runs outsidethe POS application 124, which may be the most likely point of attack bya nefarious actor. In these examples, multiple trust applications may beutilized to determine whether the merchant device is still a trusteddevice at the time of a payment. Additional details on the use of trustapplications is provided herein, but generally the trust applicationsmay be utilized to determine whether one or more conditions of themerchant device indicate that the merchant device has been compromisedor otherwise is no longer a trusted device for acquiring PAN data and/orPIN data. In examples where the intermediary application 128 isutilized, a trust application may be utilized for determining whetherthe POS application 124 has been compromised and another trustapplication may be utilized for determining whether the intermediaryapplication 128 has been compromised. In these examples, the POSapplication 124 may still perform the default PIN addition processesdescribed above.

At block 404, the intermediary application 128 may send an instance ofthe start-payment request to the ECR 126. For example, when a trustroutine indicates that the intermediary application 128 has not beencompromised, the intermediary application 128 may send the instance ofthe start-payment request to the ECR 126.

At block 406, the ECR 126 may send an APDU command to the intermediaryapplication 128. The APDU command may initiate the process of causing areader to acquire data from a payment instrument. For example, the ECR126 may generate and/or utilize a stored APDU command and may send thatcommand to the intermediary application 128 to be sent to the POSapplication 124.

At block 408, the intermediary application 128 may send an instance ofthe APDU command to the POS application 124. For example, when a trustroutine indicates that the intermediary application 128 has not beencompromised, the intermediary application 128 may send the instance ofthe APDU command to the POS application 124.

At block 410, the POS application 124 may send an APDU command to theNFC component 122. Sending of the APDU command to the NFC component 122may cause the NFC component 122 to initiate and/or to read PAN data froma payment instrument and/or to send read PAN data to one or morecomponents of the merchant device.

At block 412, the NFC component 122 may send an APDU response to the POSapplication 124. The APDU response may include the PAN data as read fromthe payment instrument. The APDU response may also include otherinformation associated with acquiring data from the payment instrument,such as encryption-related data when encryption is utilized.

At block 414, the POS application 124 may send an instance of the APDUresponse to the intermediary application 128. The POS application 124may send the instance of the APDU response to the intermediaryapplication 128 instead of directly to the ECR 126 to continue thespatial separation for data sent between the POS application 124 and theECR 126.

At block 416, the intermediary application 128 may send an instance ofthe APDU response to the ECR 126. For example, when a trust routineindicates that the intermediary application 128 has not beencompromised, the intermediary application 128 may send the instance ofthe APDU response to the ECR 126.

At block 418, the ECR 126 may send a PIN entry request to theintermediary application 128. Generally, for PIN-on-glass and SPoCtransactions, the request for entry of a PIN is made to gather therequired account PIN to associate with the PAN data. However, here, topromote temporal separation of PAN data and PIN data on the merchantdevice, the response to the PIN entry request may not cause display of aPIN entry user interface or otherwise cause the device to acquire PINdata.

At block 420, the intermediary application 128 may send an instance ofthe PIN entry request to the POS application 124. Having received thePIN entry request from the intermediary application 128, the POSapplication 124 may refrain from causing display of a PIN entry dialog.

At block 422, the POS application may generate a default PIN and maysend the default PIN to the intermediary application 128. The defaultPIN may be any numeric, alphabetic, and/or alpha-numeric code that hasbeen predetermined to be a default code to satisfy a requirement thatPAN data, when sent to the payment processing service 106, includes aPIN. However, since the PIN is not the actual account PIN associatedwith the payment instrument, the default PIN cannot be utilized tocomplete the transaction.

At block 424, the intermediary application 130 may send the default PINto the ECR 126. For example, when a trust routine indicates that themerchant device has not been compromised, the intermediary application130 may send the default PIN to the ECR 126.

At block 426, the ECR 126 may generate and send an authorization requestto the intermediary application 128. The authorization request mayindicate that the data needed to satisfy requirements of the ECR 126 forproceeding with the payment process have been satisfied.

At block 428, the intermediary application 128 may send an instance ofthe authorization request to the POS application 124. For example, whena trust routine indicates that the merchant device has not beencompromised, the intermediary application 130 may send the instance ofthe authorization request to the POS application 124. At this point, thePOS application 124 may have all the data needed to requestauthorization for the payment utilizing the payment instrument from thepayment processing service 106.

At block 430, the POS application 124 may send a tender request to thepayment processing service 106. The tender request may include anidentifier of the payment at issue, the PAN data, which may be encryptedin certain examples, and the default PIN. The payment processing service106 may receive the tender request and identify the included PIN as thedefault PIN. Based at least in part on the tender request including thedefault PIN, the payment processing service 106 may determine whetherthe default PIN that was received corresponds to the predefined defaultPIN. It should be understood that while one default PIN is described,the default PIN may be dynamic and may change, such as over time and/orbased on characteristics of the merchant, buyer, transaction, and/or anyother factor associated with the payment. At this point, the POSapplication 124 may remove the PAN data from the merchant device suchthat, before the account PIN is provided to the merchant device, the PANdata is not present on the merchant device.

At block 432, the payment processing service 106 may send a tenderresponse to the POS application 124. The tender response may indicate tothe POS application 124 that the tender request was received but thatthe account PIN is still needed.

At block 434, the POS application 124 may cause a PIN entry dialog to bepresented to a buyer. In other embodiments where SPoC is utilized, thePOS application 124 may query one or more devices, such as a buyerdevice 104, for the software PIN as described more fully herein. Forexample, a user interface of the merchant device may display a PIN entrydialog, such as a PIN pad, configured to accept user input correspondingto the account PIN. In the SPoC embodiment, the merchant device mayquery one or more devices to receive the software PIN, as described morefully herein.

At block 436, user input data representing the account PIN and/or thesoftware PIN may be received at the POS application 124. At this point,the POS application 124 may have stored in association therewith theaccount PIN and/or software PIN, but not the PAN data given that the PANdata was previously removed from the merchant device as described above.

At block 438, an add-PIN request may be sent to the payment processingservice 106. The add-PIN request may include the account PIN and, inexamples, an identifier of the payment at issue. At this point, thepayment processing service 106 may associate with the account PIN withthe PAN data for the payment.

At block 440, the payment processing service 106 may send anauthorization request indicating the PAN data and the account PIN to anissuer of the payment instrument utilized to satisfy the payment. Theissuer may utilize the PAN data and the account PIN to determine whetherto authorize the payment. If the payment instrument is associated withan account with sufficient funds to satisfy the payment, and if theaccount PIN is the PIN associated with the payment instrument, theissuer may authorize the payment.

At block 442, the issuer may return an authorization response, which mayindicate whether the payment instrument is accepted or denied forsatisfying the payment. In examples, the authorization response may notinclude the PAN data and/or the account PIN, but may instead include anindication of payment approval or denial.

At block 444, the payment processing service 106 may send an add-PINresponse to the POS application 124. The add-PIN response may be inresponse to the add-PIN request described above and may indicate thatthe payment instrument has been approved or denied for satisfying thepayment.

At block 446, the POS application 124 may send a complete-bill requestto the payment processing service 106. For example, when the issuer hasapproved use of the payment instrument to satisfy the payment, the POSapplication 124 may generate the complete-bill request, which indicatesthat requirements for completing the payment have been met and that theopen bill associated with the payment is to be completed. The paymentprocessing service 106 may utilize the complete-bill request to updateits system to indicate that a status of the payment is complete.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example process 500 associated with securing apayment utilizing an ECR, where the ECR application performs securityoperations associated with the payment. FIG. 5 provides a sequencediagram indicating an example sequence of processes. It should beunderstood that the sequence provided in FIG. 5 is provided by way ofexample, not as a limitation, and that some or all of the operationsdescribed in FIG. 5 may be performed in a different order and/or inparallel.

At block 502, the POS application 124 may send a start-payment requestto an intermediary application 128, which may be described herein as acard reader library. For example, a merchant may add products to atransaction to be purchased by a buyer, and when all of the products thebuyer wishes to buy have been added, the merchant may initiate a paymentprocess for satisfying payment for the products. The POS application124, having received an indication that the payment process is to beinitiated, may generate and send the start-payment request to theintermediary application 128. This spatial separation of the ECRapplication 126 and the POS application 124 may provide for a smallerattack surface for payment kernels and ensures that the ECR application126 runs outside the POS application 124, which may be the most likelypoint of attack by a nefarious actor. In these examples, multiple trustapplications may be utilized to determine whether the merchant device isstill a trusted device at the time of a payment. Additional details onthe use of trust applications is provided herein, but generally thetrust applications may be utilized to determine whether one or moreconditions of the merchant device indicate that the merchant device hasbeen compromised or otherwise is no longer a trusted device foracquiring PAN data and/or PIN data. In examples where the intermediaryapplication 128 is utilized, a trust application may be utilized fordetermining whether the POS application 124 has been compromised andanother trust application may be utilized for determining whether theintermediary application 128 has been compromised. In these examples,the POS application 124 may still perform the default PIN additionprocesses described above.

At block 504, the intermediary application 128 may send an instance ofthe start-payment request to the ECR application 126. For example, whena trust routine indicates that the intermediary application 128 has notbeen compromised, the intermediary application 128 may send the instanceof the start-payment request to the ECR application 126.

At block 506, the ECR application 126 may send an APDU command to theNFC component 122. The APDU command may initiate the process of causinga reader to acquire data from a payment instrument. For example, the ECRapplication 126 may generate and/or utilize a stored APDU command andmay send that command to the NFC component 122.

At block 508, the NFC component 122 may send an APDU response to the ECRapplication 126. The APDU response may include the PAN data as read fromthe payment instrument. The APDU response may also include otherinformation associated with acquiring data from the payment instrument,such as encryption-related data when encryption is utilized.

At block 510, the ECR application 126 may initiate a PIN entry processwithin itself and without requesting initiation of such a process by thePOS application 124. For example, instead of querying the POSapplication 124 to initiate the PIN entry process, in the example ofFIG. 4 , the ECR application 126 may perform the PIN entry processinitiation.

At block 512, the ECR application 126 may generate a default PIN. Thedefault PIN may be any numeric, alphabetic, and/or alpha-numeric codethat has been predetermined to be a default code to satisfy arequirement that PAN data, when sent to the payment processing service106, includes a PIN. However, since the PIN is not the actual accountPIN associated with the payment instrument, the default PIN cannot beutilized to complete the transaction.

At block 514, the ECR application 126 may send an authorization requestto the intermediary application 128. The authorization request mayindicate that the data needed to satisfy requirements of the ECRapplication 126 for proceeding with the payment process have beensatisfied.

At block 516, the intermediary application 128 may send an instance ofthe authorization request to the POS application 124. For example, whena trust routine indicates that the merchant device has not beencompromised, the intermediary application 128 may send the instance ofthe authorization request to the POS application 124. At this point, thePOS application 124 may have all the data needed to requestauthorization for the payment utilizing the payment instrument from thepayment processing service 106.

At block 518, the POS application 124 may send a tender request to thepayment processing service 106. The tender request may include anidentifier of the payment at issue, the PAN data, which may be encryptedin certain examples, and the default PIN. The payment processing service106 may receive the tender request and identify the included PIN as thedefault PIN. Based at least in part on the tender request including thedefault PIN, the payment processing service 106 may determine whetherthe default PIN that was received corresponds to the predefined defaultPIN. It should be understood that while one default PIN is described,the default PIN may be dynamic and may change, such as over time and/orbased on characteristics of the merchant, buyer, transaction, and/or anyother factor associated with the payment. At this point, the POSapplication 124 may remove the PAN data from the merchant device suchthat, before the account PIN is provided to the merchant device, the PANdata is not present on the merchant device.

At block 520, the payment processing service 106 may send a tenderresponse to the POS application 124. The tender response may indicate tothe POS application 124 that the tender request was received but thatthe account PIN is still needed.

At block 522, the POS application 124 may cause a PIN entry dialog to bepresented to a buyer. In other embodiments where SPoC is utilized, thePOS application 124 may query one or more devices, such as a buyerdevice 104, for the software PIN as described more fully herein. Forexample, a user interface of the merchant device may display a PIN entrydialog, such as a PIN pad, configured to accept user input correspondingto the account PIN. In the SPoC embodiment, the merchant device mayquery one or more devices to receive the software PIN, as described morefully herein.

At block 524, user input data representing the account PIN and/or thesoftware PIN may be received at the POS application 124. At this point,the POS application 124 may have stored in association therewith theaccount PIN and/or software PIN, but not the PAN data given that the PANdata was previously removed from the merchant device as described above.

At block 526, an add-PIN request may be sent to the payment processingservice 106. The add-PIN request may include the account PIN and, inexamples, an identifier of the payment at issue. At this point, thepayment processing service 106 may associate with the account PIN withthe PAN data for the payment.

At block 528, the payment processing service 106 may send anauthorization request indicating the PAN data and the account PIN to anissuer of the payment instrument utilized to satisfy the payment. Theissuer may utilize the PAN data and the account PIN to determine whetherto authorize the payment. If the payment instrument is associated withan account with sufficient funds to satisfy the payment, and if theaccount PIN is the PIN associated with the payment instrument, theissuer may authorize the payment.

At block 530, the issuer may return an authorization response, which mayindicate whether the payment instrument is accepted or denied forsatisfying the payment. In examples, the authorization response may notinclude the PAN data and/or the account PIN, but may instead include anindication of payment approval or denial.

At block 532, the payment processing service 106 may send an add-PINresponse to the POS application 124. The add-PIN response may be inresponse to the add-PIN request described above and may indicate thatthe payment instrument has been approved or denied for satisfying thepayment.

At block 534, the POS application 124 may send a complete-bill requestto the payment processing service 106. For example, when the issuer hasapproved use of the payment instrument to satisfy the payment, the POSapplication 124 may generate the complete-bill request, which indicatesthat requirements for completing the payment have been met and that theopen bill associated with the payment is to be completed. The paymentprocessing service 106 may utilize the complete-bill request to updateits system to indicate that a status of the payment is complete.

FIG. 6 illustrates a conceptual diagram of example components utilizedfor securing a payment, where processes associated with acquiring a PANand a PIN are separated. For example, the merchant device 102 depictedin FIG. 6 may be a COTS device to perform transactions. These devicesmay be utilized to install one or more applications that allow the COTSdevices to be utilized for acquiring PAN data and/or other informationfor satisfying a payment. To do so, a NFC component of a COTS device maybe utilized by one or more applications on the device to read PAN datafrom a payment instrument, and the applications may utilize that PANdata to complete a transaction. In certain examples, COTS devices andother devices may, in addition to acquiring PAN data, may be configuredto acquire PIN data to authorize a transaction. The requirement for PINdata may add a layer of security to the transaction, as a nefariousactor would need to not only have acquired the physical paymentinstrument, but must have also acquired a PIN associated with thepayment instrument. Techniques for acquiring PIN data include“PIN-on-glass” techniques where a PIN pad or other user interface isdisplayed on a merchant device configured to receive user inputrepresent a PIN. Corresponding PIN data is generated on the merchantdevice and utilized for comparison with reference PIN data associatedwith the given payment instrument for completing a payment.Additionally, the techniques for acquiring PIN data include SPoC, wherea secure reader PIN, a PIN application, the merchant device, as well asbackend monitoring and attestation systems are utilized to acquire PINdata.

As shown in FIG. 6 , the merchant device 102 may be in communicationwith a payment instrument and/or a customer device 104, which may storePAN data that may be read by the NFC component of the merchant device102. In the example of FIG. 6 , different components are involved inacquiring the PAN data than the components involved in acquiring the PINdata. For example, an NFC driver 602 may be stored in a kernel componentof the merchant device 102 and may communicate with an NFC daemon 604stored in association with a system user space. The NFC daemon 604 maycommunicate between the NFC driver 602 and the POS application 124 toacquire the PAN data as described herein. A card reader library paymentcomponent 612 of the POS application may be configured to receive thePAN data and utilize the PAN data for payment processing as describedherein.

Additionally, a screen driver 606, stored in association with thekernel, may be configured to cause a screen of the merchant device 102to display input means for acquiring PIN data, such as by displaying aPIN dialog and requesting that a buyer provide user input indicating anaccount PIN. The screen driver 606 may be configured to communicate witha touch input component 608 in the user space of the system. The touchinput component 608 may be configured to request the screen driver 606to display the PIN entry dialog as described herein. User input datarepresenting the PIN may be sent from the touch input component 608 to aPIN handler 610 of the POS application 124. The PIN handler 610 may beconfigured to receive the PIN data and provide that PIN data to thepayment processing service 106. In these examples, while the POSapplication 124 may receive both the PAN data and the PIN data, the PANdata may be received at a different component of the POS application 124than the PIN data. Additionally, in the kernel and system levels of themerchant device 102, the PAN data and the PIN data may not be handled bythe same components. This may promote spatial separation between PANdata and PIN data at the merchant device 102.

FIG. 7 illustrates a conceptual diagram of example components utilizedfor securing a payment, where PAN data is handled by an isolated serviceand the POS application handles PIN data. FIG. 7 may include some of thesame components as those described in FIG. 6 . For example, the merchantdevice 102 of FIG. 7 may include a NFC driver 602, a NFC daemon 604, ascreen driver 606, a touch input component 608, a PIN handler 610, acard reader library payment component 612, and/or a POS application 124.However, as shown in FIG. 7 , instead of the POS application 124including both the card reader library payment component 612 and the PINhandler 610, the POS application 124 may include the PIN handler 610while an isolated service 702 may include the card reader librarypayment component 612 and may handle the PAN data.

For example, the merchant device 102 may be in communication with apayment instrument and/or a customer device 104, which may store PANdata that may be read by the NFC component of the merchant device 102.In the example of FIG. 7 , different components are involved inacquiring the PAN data than the components involved in acquiring the PINdata. For example, the NFC driver 602 may be stored in a kernelcomponent of the merchant device 102 and may communicate with the NFCdaemon 604 stored in association with a system user space. The NFCdaemon 604 may communicate between the NFC driver 602 and the POSapplication 124 to acquire the PAN data as described herein. The cardreader library payment component 612 of the isolated service 702 may beconfigured to receive data from the POS application 124, which mayutilize the PAN data for payment processing as described herein. Theisolated service 702 may be configured to communicate the PAN data,and/or an encrypted version of the PAN data, to the POS application 124for sending to the payment processing service 106, and/or for sending tothe payment processing service 106 directly from the isolated service702.

Additionally, the screen driver 606, stored in association with thekernel, may be configured to cause a screen of the merchant device 102to display input means for acquiring PIN data, such as by displaying aPIN dialog and requesting that a buyer provide user input indicating anaccount PIN. The screen driver 606 may be configured to communicate withthe touch input component 608 in the user space of the system. The touchinput component 608 may be configured to request the screen driver 606to display the PIN entry dialog as described herein. User input datarepresenting the PIN may be sent from the touch input component 608 tothe PIN handler 610 of the POS application 124. The PIN handler 610 maybe configured to receive the PIN data and provide that PIN data to thepayment processing service 106. In these examples, additional separationof PAN data and PIN data may be achieved at the application level of themerchant device 102.

FIG. 8 illustrates a conceptual diagram of example components utilizedfor securing a payment, where processing of EMV data is handled by apayment processing service instead of a merchant device. FIG. 8 mayinclude some of the same components as those described in FIG. 6 . Forexample, the merchant device 102 of FIG. 8 may include a NFC driver 602,a NFC daemon 604, and/or a POS application 124. However, as shown inFIG. 8 , instead of the POS application 124 handling PAN data, EMV datais sent through the POS application 124 to the payment processingservice 106 for processing.

For example, the merchant device 102 may be in communication with apayment instrument and/or a customer device 104, which may store PANdata that may be read by the NFC component of the merchant device 102.In the example of FIG. 8 , the NFC driver 602 may be stored in a kernelcomponent of the merchant device 102 and may communicate with the NFCdaemon 604 stored in association with a user space portion of thesystem. In the example of FIG. 8 , an encryption API 802 may be utilizedin the kernel level to encrypt the PAN data received from the NFC driver602. In other examples, instead of the encryption API 802 being utilizedin the kernel level, the encryption may occur in the userspace. The PANdata may be encrypted prior to being sent to the POS application 124.This encrypted data may include encrypted EMV data. In this example, thePOS application 124, as well as other components of the merchant device102, may not have the keys and/or other decryption means to decrypt theEMV data. Instead, the NFC daemon 604 may send the encrypted EMV data tothe POS application 124, which may send the encrypted EMV data on to thepayment processing service 106. When encryption occurs as described inthese examples, encryption keys may be utilized and those encryptionkeys may be symmetric AES keys that may be generated by and sent fromthe POS application 124. The POS application 124 may derive theencryption keys from one or more public keys that are sent to the POSapplication 124 from the payment processing service 106.

The payment processing service 106 may have stored in associationtherewith the security keys and/or otherwise the decryption means todecrypt the EMV data as received from the merchant device 102. In theseexamples, the payment processing service 106 may decrypt the EMV data toidentify the PAN data. Additional security processes, such asacquisition of PIN data and/or comparison of that PIN data with areference PIN associated with the payment instrument may be performed,and the payment processing service 106 may determine whether use of thepayment instrument to satisfy the payment at issue is authorized. Whenauthorized, the payment processing service 106 may send an indication ofthe authorization to the POS application 124, which may complete thetransaction based at least in part on receiving the indication.

FIG. 9 illustrates a conceptual diagram of example component utilizedfor securing a payment, where processing of EMV data is handled by avendor datacenter. FIG. 9 may include some of the same components asthose described in FIG. 6 . For example, the merchant device 102 of FIG.9 may include a NFC driver 602 and/or a POS application 124. However, asshown in FIG. 9 , instead of the POS application 124 handling PAN data,EMV data is sent to a vendor datacenter 904 for processing.

For example, the merchant device 102 may be in communication with apayment instrument and/or a customer device 104, which may store PANdata that may be read by the NFC component of the merchant device 102.In the example of FIG. 9 , the NFC driver 602 may be stored in a kernelcomponent of the merchant device 102 and may communicate with an NFC EMVdaemon 902 stored in association with a user space portion of thesystem. In the example of FIG. 9 , an encryption API 802 may be utilizedin the kernel level to encrypt the PAN data received from the NFC driver602. This encrypted data may include encrypted EMV data. In otherexamples, instead of the encryption API 802 being utilized in the kernellevel, the encryption may occur in the userspace. The PAN data may beencrypted prior to being sent to the POS application 124. In theseexamples, the POS application 124, as well as other components of themerchant device 102, may not have the keys and/or other decryption meansto decrypt the EMV data. Instead, the NFC EMV daemon 902 may send theencrypted EMV data to the vendor datacenter 904. The vendor datacenter904 may be associated with an OEM of the merchant device 102.

The vendor datacenter 904 may have stored in association therewith thesecurity keys and/or otherwise the decryption means to decrypt the EMVdata as received from the merchant device 102. In these examples, thevendor datacenter 904 may decrypt the EMV data to identify the PAN data.The vendor datacenter 904 may send the PAN data and/or an indication ofa payment state (e.g., PAN data acquired), to the payment processingservice 106 for further processing. The vendor datacenter 904, the POSapplication 124, and/or the payment processing service 106 maycommunicate payment states with each other such that the PAN data ishandled primarily by the vendor datacenter 904 while the POS application124 and the payment processing service 106 receive appropriateauthorization indications to proceed with the transaction.

FIG. 10 illustrates a conceptual diagram of example components utilizedfor securing a payment utilizing a TEE. The environment of FIG. 10 mayinclude some of the same components described with respect to FIG. 1 ,including, for example, a customer device 104 and/or a customer paymentinstrument, a POS application 124, a TEE 136, and/or a paymentprocessing service 106. FIG. 10 depicts the use of a TEE 136 to promoteECR security as described herein. For example, the TEE 136 may beutilized to enhance ECR security on COTS devices. For example, when PANdata is read by an NFC component of the COTS device, the PAN data may besent to the TEE 136, which may be isolated from other components of theCOTS device. The TEE 136 may provide more security than the POSapplication 124 in restricting access to the TEE 136 without properauthorization. In this example, the TEE 136 may communicate with thepayment processing service 106 to send the PAN data and/or an encryptedversion of the PAN data. The payment processing service 106 may utilizethis data to determine whether a payment is authorized, and paymenttransaction indications may be sent from the payment processing service106 to the POS application 124, such as to indicate whether a payment isauthorized. In this way, the POS application 124 may not have access tothe PAN data but instead may progress through a transaction based atleast in part on indications received from the payment processingservice 106.

By performing one or more of the techniques described herein, spatialand/or temporal separation of PAN data from other data utilized for atransaction, such as PIN data, promotes security of the transaction andmakes unauthorized access to all information needed to nefariouslyutilize the payment instrument difficult to obtain. These techniques arespecific to the computer-centric problem of handling digitaltransactions on COTS devices where such devices may be compromised andunauthorized access may occur. These techniques are also specific tocomputer-centric solutions that utilize specifically-configuredapplications, application arrangements, encryption/decryption schemes,TEEs, and other components that could not be performed by a human being,whether as a mental process or through physical means. This addedsecurity is also implemented in a time-sensitive manner between when atransaction is initiated and when that transaction is completed (i.e., amatter of seconds), minimizing latency in the payment process.

FIGS. 11-14 illustrate processes for embedded card reader security. Theprocesses described herein are illustrated as collections of blocks inlogical flow diagrams, which represent a sequence of operations, some orall of which may be implemented in hardware, software or a combinationthereof. In the context of software, the blocks may representcomputer-executable instructions stored on one or more computer-readablemedia that, when executed by one or more processors, program theprocessors to perform the recited operations. Generally,computer-executable instructions include routines, programs, objects,components, data structures and the like that perform particularfunctions or implement particular data types. The order in which theblocks are described should not be construed as a limitation, unlessspecifically noted. Any number of the described blocks may be combinedin any order and/or in parallel to implement the process, or alternativeprocesses, and not all of the blocks need be executed. For discussionpurposes, the processes are described with reference to theenvironments, architectures and systems described in the examplesherein, such as, for example those described with respect to FIGS.1A-10, 15, and 16 , although the processes may be implemented in a widevariety of other environments, architectures and systems.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example process 1100 for ECR security. The orderin which the operations or steps are described is not intended to beconstrued as a limitation, and any number of the described operationsmay be combined in any order and/or in parallel to implement process1100.

At block 1102, the process 1100 may include receiving, at the POSapplication, an indication that a payment is to be received using a NFCreader of the mobile device. For example, a merchant may add products toa transaction to be purchased by a buyer, and when all of the productsthe buyer wishes to buy have been added, the merchant may initiate apayment process for satisfying payment for the products. The POSapplication may receive an indication that the merchant has initiatedthe payment process for satisfying the payment for the products.

At block 1104, the process 1100 may include sending, from the POSapplication to the NFC reader, a request to initiate the payment. Forexample, an ECR may send an APDU command to the POS application. TheAPDU command may initiate the process of causing a reader to acquiredata from a payment instrument. For example, the ECR may generate and/orutilize a stored APDU command and may send that command to the POSapplication such that the POS application and the NFC component maycommunicate directly to acquire a PAN associated with the buyer'spayment instrument. The POS application may send an instance of the APDUcommand to the NFC component. Sending of the APDU command to the NFCcomponent may cause the NFC component to initiate and/or to read PANdata from a payment instrument and/or to send read PAN data to one ormore components of the merchant device.

At block 1106, the process 1100 may include receiving, at the POSapplication and from the NFC reader, a PAN associated with a paymentinstrument. The NFC component may send an APDU response to the POSapplication. The APDU response may include the PAN data as read from thepayment instrument. The APDU response may also include other informationassociated with acquiring data from the payment instrument, such asencryption-related data when encryption is utilized. The POS applicationmay send the APDU response and/or an indication of the APDU response tothe ECR. For example, the POS application may indicate to the ECR thatresponsive data has been received from the NFC component and that thepayment processing is to proceed.

At block 1108, the process 1100 may include sending, from the POSapplication and to a payment processing service: the PAN; a default PIN;and an identifier of a transaction associated with the payment. Forexample, the POS application may send a default PIN to the ECR. Thedefault PIN may be any numeric, alphabetic, and/or alpha-numeric codethat has been predetermined to be a default code to satisfy arequirement that PAN data, when sent to the payment processing service,includes a PIN. However, since the PIN is not the actual account PINassociated with the payment instrument, the default PIN cannot beutilized to complete the transaction. The ECR may send an authorizationrequest to the POS application. At this point, the POS application mayhave all the data needed to request authorization for the paymentutilizing the payment instrument from the payment processing service.Additionally, the data needed to satisfy requirements of the ECR forproceeding with the payment process may also been satisfied. The POSapplication may send a tender request to the payment processing service.The tender request may include an identifier of the payment at issue,the PAN data, which may be encrypted in certain examples, and thedefault PIN. The payment processing service may receive the tenderrequest and identify the included PIN as the default PIN. Based at leastin part on the tender request including the default PIN, the paymentprocessing service may determine whether the default PIN that wasreceived corresponds to the predefined default PIN. It should beunderstood that while one default PIN is described, the default PIN maybe dynamic and may change, such as over time and/or based oncharacteristics of the merchant, buyer, transaction, and/or any otherfactor associated with the payment.

At block 1110, the process 1100 may include removing, by the POSapplication, the PAN from the mobile device (i) after sending the PAN tothe payment processing service and (ii) before requesting an account PINassociated with the payment instrument. For example, the promotetemporal separation of the PAN and PIN on the merchant device, the PANmay be removed from the POS application and/or from the merchant devicein total.

At block 1112, the process 1100 may include requesting the account PINassociated with the payment instrument. For example, the POS applicationmay cause a PIN entry dialog to be presented to a buyer. In otherembodiments where SPoC is utilized, the POS application may query one ormore devices, such as a buyer device, for the software PIN as describedmore fully herein. For example, a user interface of the merchant devicemay display a PIN entry dialog, such as a PIN pad, configured to acceptuser input corresponding to the account PIN. In the SPoC embodiment, themerchant device may query one or more devices to receive the softwarePIN, as described more fully herein.

At block 1114, the process 1100 may include receiving the account PINusing a touch screen input of the mobile device. For example, user inputdata representing the account PIN and/or the software PIN may bereceived at the POS application. At this point, the POS application mayhave stored in association therewith the account PIN and/or softwarePIN, but not the PAN data given that the PAN data was previously removedfrom the merchant device as described above.

At block 1116, the process 1100 may include sending the account PIN andthe identifier of the transaction to the payment processing service. Forexample, the POS application may send the account PIN, whether in anencrypted format or not, to the payment processing service is responseto the payment processing service requesting the account PIN.

At block 1118, the process 1100 may include completing the payment basedon receiving an indication that the account PIN is accepted. Forexample, the payment processing service may provide an indication thatthe provided account PIN corresponds to an account PIN associated withthe payment instrument and that the payment instrument is otherwiseauthorized to satisfy the payment.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1100 may include sending therequest from the POS application to an intermediary applicationconfigured to communicate with the POS application and the NFC reader.The process 1100 may also include receiving the PAN, at the POSapplication, from the intermediary application.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1100 may include receiving,at the POS application and from the NFC reader, EMV data associated withthe payment instrument, the EMV data being unencrypted by the NFCreader. The process 1100 may also include determining, by the POSapplication, the PAN utilizing the EMV data.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1100 may include receiving,at the POS application and from the NFC reader, EMV data associated withthe payment instrument, the EMV data being encrypted by the NFC reader.The process 1100 may also include decrypting, by the POS application,the EMV data such that decrypted EMV data is generated. The process 1100may also include determining, by the POS application, the PAN utilizingthe decrypted EMV data.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1100 may include the PAN,when received at the POS application, being encrypted as EMV data, andsending the EMV data to the payment processing service. The process 1100may also include completing the payment based at least in part on thePAN, as decrypted at the payment processing service, and the account PINbeing accepted.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1100 may include the PANbeing encrypted as EMV data configured to be decrypted by an OEMassociated with the device. The process 1100 may also include sendingthe EMV data to the OEM with a request to decrypt the EMV data andprovide the PAN to the payment processing service. The process 1100 mayalso include completing the payment based at least in part on the PAN,as decrypted as the OEM, and the account PIN being accepted.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1100 may include receiving,at a TEE, EMV data including an encrypted version of the PAN. Theprocess 1100 may also include decrypting, at the TEE, the EMV data suchthat the PAN is identified. In these examples, completing the paymentmay comprise completing the payment utilizing the PAN as decrypted inthe TEE.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1100 may include causing,prior to receiving the PAN, a trust routine to be performed inassociation with the device, the trust routine configured to determinewhether the device has been tampered with in a manner indicating thedevice is unsecure for completing the payment. The process 1100 may alsoinclude determining that the trust routine indicates the device has notbeen tampered with. The process 1100 may also include requesting, by thePOS application, the PAN in response to the trust routine indicating thedevice has not been tampered with.

FIG. 12 illustrates another example process 1200 for ECR security. Theorder in which the operations or steps are described is not intended tobe construed as a limitation, and any number of the described operationsmay be combined in any order and/or in parallel to implement process1200.

At block 1202, the process 1200 may include receiving an indication thata payment is to be received using a NFC reader of the mobile device. Forexample, a merchant may add products to a transaction to be purchased bya buyer, and when all of the products the buyer wishes to buy have beenadded, the merchant may initiate a payment process for satisfyingpayment for the products. The POS application may receive an indicationthat the merchant has initiated the payment process for satisfying thepayment for the products.

At block 1204, the process 1200 may include sending, from the POSapplication to an intermediary application configured to communicatewith the POS application and the NFC reader, a request to initiate thepayment. For example, the intermediary application may send an instanceof the start-payment request to the ECR. For example, when a trustroutine indicates that the intermediary application has not beencompromised, the intermediary application may send the instance of thestart-payment request to the ECR. The ECR may send an APDU command tothe intermediary application. The APDU command may initiate the processof causing a reader to acquire data from a payment instrument. Forexample, the ECR may generate and/or utilize a stored APDU command andmay send that command to the intermediary application to be sent to thePOS application. The intermediary application may send an instance ofthe APDU command to the POS application. For example, when a trustroutine indicates that the intermediary application has not beencompromised, the intermediary application may send the instance of theAPDU command to the POS application. The POS application may send anAPDU command to the NFC component. Sending of the APDU command to theNFC component may cause the NFC component to initiate and/or to read PANdata from a payment instrument and/or to send read PAN data to one ormore components of the merchant device.

At block 1206, the process 1200 may include receiving, at the POSapplication and from the intermediary application, a PAN associated witha payment instrument. For example, the NFC component may send an APDUresponse to the POS application. The APDU response may include the PANdata as read from the payment instrument. The APDU response may alsoinclude other information associated with acquiring data from thepayment instrument, such as encryption-related data when encryption isutilized.

At block 1208, the process 1200 may include sending, from the POSapplication and to a payment processing service: the PAN; and a defaultPIN. For example, the POS application may send a default PIN to the ECR.The default PIN may be any numeric, alphabetic, and/or alpha-numericcode that has been predetermined to be a default code to satisfy arequirement that PAN data, when sent to the payment processing service,includes a PIN. However, since the PIN is not the actual account PINassociated with the payment instrument, the default PIN cannot beutilized to complete the transaction. The ECR may send an authorizationrequest to the POS application. At this point, the POS application mayhave all the data needed to request authorization for the paymentutilizing the payment instrument from the payment processing service.Additionally, the data needed to satisfy requirements of the ECR forproceeding with the payment process may also been satisfied. The POSapplication may send a tender request to the payment processing service.The tender request may include an identifier of the payment at issue,the PAN data, which may be encrypted in certain examples, and thedefault PIN. The payment processing service may receive the tenderrequest and identify the included PIN as the default PIN. Based at leastin part on the tender request including the default PIN, the paymentprocessing service may determine whether the default PIN that wasreceived corresponds to the predefined default PIN. It should beunderstood that while one default PIN is described, the default PIN maybe dynamic and may change, such as over time and/or based oncharacteristics of the merchant, buyer, transaction, and/or any otherfactor associated with the payment.

At block 1210, the process 1200 may include removing the PAN from themobile device before requesting an account PIN associated with thepayment instrument. For example, the promote temporal separation of thePAN and PIN on the merchant device, the PAN may be removed from the POSapplication and/or from the merchant device in total.

At block 1212, the process 1200 may include receiving the account PINusing a touch screen input of the mobile device. For example, user inputdata representing the account PIN and/or the software PIN may bereceived at the POS application. At this point, the POS application mayhave stored in association therewith the account PIN and/or softwarePIN, but not the PAN data given that the PAN data was previously removedfrom the merchant device as described above.

At block 1214, the process 1200 may include completing the payment basedat least in part on an indication that the account PIN is accepted. Forexample, the payment processing service may provide an indication thatthe provided account PIN corresponds to an account PIN associated withthe payment instrument and that the payment instrument is otherwiseauthorized to satisfy the payment.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1200 may include the PAN,when received at the POS application, being encrypted as EMV data. Theprocess 1200 may also include sending the EMV data to the paymentprocessing service. The process 1200 may also include completing thepayment based at least in part on the PAN, as decrypted at the paymentprocessing service, and the account PIN being accepted.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1200 may include the PANbeing encrypted as EMV data configured to be decrypted by an OEMassociated with the device. The process 1200 may also include sendingthe EMV data to the OEM with a request to decrypt the EMV data andprovide the PAN to the payment processing service. The process 1200 mayalso include completing the payment based at least in part on the PAN,as decrypted as the OEM, and the account PIN being accepted.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1200 may include receiving,at a TEE of the mobile device, EMV data including an encrypted versionof the PAN. The process 1200 may also include decrypting, at the TEE,the EMV data such that the PAN is identified. In these examples,completing the payment may be performed utilizing the PAN as decryptedin the TEE.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1200 may include causing,prior to receiving the PAN, a trust routine to be performed inassociation with the mobile device, the trust routine configured todetermine whether the mobile device has been tampered with. The process1200 may also include determining that the trust routine indicates themobile device has not been tampered with. The process 1200 may alsoinclude requesting, by the POS application, the PAN in response to thetrust routine indicating the mobile device has not been tampered with.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1200 may include sending therequest to initiate the payment from the POS application to theintermediary application causes an embedded card reader application toquery the NFC reader for the PAN. The process 1200 may also includereceiving the PAN from the intermediary application comprises theintermediary application receiving the PAN from the embedded card readerapplication and sending the PAN to the POS application.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1200 may include receiving,at the POS application and from the NFC reader, EMV data associated withthe payment instrument, the EMV data being unencrypted by the NFCreader. The process 1200 may also include determining, by the POSapplication, the PAN utilizing the EMV data.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1200 may include receiving,at the POS application and from the NFC reader, EMV data associated withthe payment instrument, the EMV data being encrypted by the NFC reader.The process 1200 may also include decrypting, by the POS application,the EMV data such that decrypted EMV data is generated. The process 1200may also include determining, by the POS application, the PAN utilizingthe decrypted EMV data.

FIG. 13 illustrates an example process 1300 for temporally separatingPAN data and PIN data on a merchant device to assist in ECR security.The order in which the operations or steps are described is not intendedto be construed as a limitation, and any number of the describedoperations may be combined in any order and/or in parallel to implementprocess 1300.

At block 1302, the process 1300 may include configuring a point of sale(POS) application installed on a mobile device to utilize an embeddedcard reader (ECR) of the mobile device. For example, some merchants donot utilize specific POS devices to handle transactions, instead optingfor utilizing COTS device to perform transactions. Example COTS devicesinclude a typical mobile device, such as cellphone, a tablet, etc. Thesedevices may be utilized to install one or more applications that allowthe COTS devices to be utilized for acquiring PAN data and/or otherinformation for satisfying a payment. To do so, a NFC component of aCOTS device may be utilized by one or more applications on the device toread PAN data from a payment instrument, and the applications mayutilize that PAN data to complete a transaction. In certain examples,COTS devices and other devices may, in addition to acquiring PAN data,may be configured to acquire PIN data to authorize a transaction. Therequirement for PIN data may add a layer of security to the transaction,as a nefarious actor would need to not only have acquired the physicalpayment instrument, but must have also acquired a PIN associated withthe payment instrument. Techniques for acquiring PIN data include“PIN-on-glass” techniques where a PIN pad or other user interface isdisplayed on a merchant device configured to receive user inputrepresent a PIN. Corresponding PIN data is generated on the merchantdevice and utilized for comparison with reference PIN data associatedwith the given payment instrument for completing a payment.Additionally, the techniques for acquiring PIN data include SPoC, wherea secure reader PIN, a PIN application, the merchant device, as well asbackend monitoring and attestation systems are utilized to acquire PINdata.

At block 1304, the process 1300 may include configuring the POSapplication to utilize a touchscreen display of the mobile device. Forexample, the POS application may be configured such that, when userinput is requested, the POS application requests that user input via thetouchscreen display of the mobile device.

At block 1306, the process 1300 may include configuring the POSapplication to: receive a PAN from the ECR; and receive a PIN from thetouchscreen display. For example, the POS application may be configuredto communicate with the NFC component of the mobile device to read andacquire PAN data from a payment instrument. Also, routines for acquiringPIN data via SPoC techniques may be enabled to allow the mobile deviceto communicate with a customer device and/or another device to receive asoftware PIN.

At block 1308, the process 1300 may include receiving, at the POSapplication, the PAN for a transaction. For example, an APDU command mayinitiate the process of causing a reader to acquire data from a paymentinstrument. The POS application may send an instance of the APDU commandto the NFC component. Sending of the APDU command to the NFC componentmay cause the NFC component to initiate and/or to read PAN data from apayment instrument and/or to send read PAN data to one or morecomponents of the merchant device.

At block 1310, the process 1300 may include removing, by the POSapplication, the PAN from the mobile device before requesting the PIN.For example, the promote temporal separation of the PAN and PIN on themerchant device, the PAN may be removed from the POS application and/orfrom the merchant device in total.

At block 1312, the process 1300 may include requesting the PIN utilizingthe touchscreen display. For example, a software PIN may be acquiredfrom a customer device and/or one or more other devices. The process foracquiring a software PIN may include, for example, the monitoring and/ormanagement of platform security status, ensuring PIN securityrequirements, attestation procedures, and/or key management procedures.

At block 1314, the process 1300 may include receiving, at the POSapplication, the PIN. For example, the touchscreen display may beutilized to receive user input representing the PIN, and PIN data may bereceived at the POS application.

At block 1316, the process 1300 may include completing the payment basedon receiving an indication that the account PIN is accepted. Forexample, the payment processing service may provide an indication thatthe provided account PIN corresponds to an account PIN associated withthe payment instrument and that the payment instrument is otherwiseauthorized to satisfy the payment.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1300 may include sending thePAN to a payment processing service. In these examples, removing the PANfrom the mobile device may be in response to sending the PAN to thepayment processing service.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1300 may include receiving,from a payment processing service, a request for the PIN. In theseexamples, removing the PAN from the mobile device may be in response toreceiving the request for the PIN.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1300 may include requestingthe account PIN in response to removing the PAN from the mobile device.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1300 may include causing,after receiving the PAN, a trust routine to be performed in associationwith the mobile device, the trust routine configured to determinewhether the mobile device has been tampered with. The process 1300 mayalso include determining that the trust routine indicates the mobiledevice has not been tampered with. In these examples, requesting theaccount PIN may be in response to the trust routine indicating themobile device has not been tampered with.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1300 may include receivingthe PAN at a TEE of the mobile device. The process 1300 may also includethe account PIN being received outside the TEE of the mobile device.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1200 may include, inresponse to requesting the account PIN, receiving an indication thatuser input is received that corresponds to the account PIN. In theseexamples, completing the payment may be based at least in part on theindication.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1300 may include sending theencrypted first data to the payment processing service. The process 1300may also include receiving encrypted second data representing theaccount PIN. The process 1300 may also include sending the encryptedsecond data to the payment processing service.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1300 may include receivingencrypted data representing the account PIN. The process 1300 may alsoinclude sending the encrypted data to a payment processing system. Theprocess 1300 may also include receiving, from the payment processingsystem, an indication that the account PIN, as decrypted by the paymentprocessing system, is authorized in association with the PAN. In theseexamples, completing the payment may be based at least in part on theaccount PIN being authorized in association with the PAN.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1300 may include receivingthe account PIN at a second application configured to preventcommunication between the second application and the first application.The process 1300 may also include sending the PAN from the firstapplication to a payment processing service. These process 1300 may alsoinclude sending the account PIN from the second application to thepayment processing service.

FIG. 14 illustrates an example process 1400 for spatially separating PANdata and PIN data on a merchant device to assist in ECR security. Theorder in which the operations or steps are described is not intended tobe construed as a limitation, and any number of the described operationsmay be combined in any order and/or in parallel to implement process1400.

At block 1402, the process 1400 may include configuring a POSapplication to utilize an ECR. For example, some merchants do notutilize specific POS devices to handle transactions, instead opting forutilizing COTS device to perform transactions. Example COTS devicesinclude a typical mobile device, such as cellphone, a tablet, etc. Thesedevices may be utilized to install one or more applications that allowthe COTS devices to be utilized for acquiring PAN data and/or otherinformation for satisfying a payment. To do so, a NFC component of aCOTS device may be utilized by one or more applications on the device toread PAN data from a payment instrument, and the applications mayutilize that PAN data to complete a transaction. In certain examples,COTS devices and other devices may, in addition to acquiring PAN data,may be configured to acquire PIN data to authorize a transaction. Therequirement for PIN data may add a layer of security to the transaction,as a nefarious actor would need to not only have acquired the physicalpayment instrument, but must have also acquired a PIN associated withthe payment instrument. Techniques for acquiring PIN data include“PIN-on-glass” techniques where a PIN pad or other user interface isdisplayed on a merchant device configured to receive user inputrepresent a PIN. Corresponding PIN data is generated on the merchantdevice and utilized for comparison with reference PIN data associatedwith the given payment instrument for completing a payment.Additionally, the techniques for acquiring PIN data include SPoC, wherea secure reader PIN, a PIN application, the merchant device, as well asbackend monitoring and attestation systems are utilized to acquire PINdata.

At block 1404, the process 1400 may include configuring the POSapplication to receive a PAN from the ECR. For example, the POSapplication may be configured to communicate with the NFC component ofthe mobile device to read and acquire PAN data from a paymentinstrument.

At block 1406, the process 1400 may include configuring a PINapplication to receive a PIN utilizing a touchscreen, wherein the PINapplication is configured to prevent communication with the POSapplication. For example, routines for acquiring PIN data via SPoCtechniques may be enabled to allow the mobile device to communicate witha customer device and/or another device to receive a software PIN.

At block 1408, the process 1400 may include receiving, at the POSapplication, the PAN for a transaction. For example, an APDU command mayinitiate the process of causing a reader to acquire data from a paymentinstrument. The POS application may send an instance of the APDU commandto the NFC component. Sending of the APDU command to the NFC componentmay cause the NFC component to initiate and/or to read PAN data from apayment instrument and/or to send read PAN data to one or morecomponents of the merchant device.

At block 1410, the process 1400 may include requesting the PIN utilizingthe touchscreen. For example, a PIN may be acquired and attestationand/or confirmatory operations may be performed by a server-side deviceand/or system. The process for acquiring a PIN may include, for example,the monitoring and/or management of platform security status, ensuringPIN security requirements, attestation procedures, and/or key managementprocedures.

At block 1412, the process 1400 may include receiving, at the PINapplication, the PIN. For example, the PIN application may receive thePIN, such as from the customer device and/or the one or more otherdevices. In examples, the software PIN may be encrypted and the PINapplication may be configured to decrypt the PIN.

At block 1414, the process 1400 may include completing the transactionbased on receiving an indication that the account PIN is accepted inassociation with the PAN. For example, the payment processing servicemay provide an indication that the provided account PIN corresponds toan account PIN associated with the payment instrument and that thepayment instrument is otherwise authorized to satisfy the payment.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1400 may include sending thePAN to a payment processing service. The process 1400 may also includeremoving the PAN from the device in response to sending the PAN to thepayment processing service.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1400 may include receiving,from a payment processing service, a request for the account PIN. Theprocess 1400 may also include removing the PAN from the device inresponse to receiving the request for the PIN.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1400 may include removingthe PAN from the device, wherein requesting the account PIN is inresponse to removing the PAN from the device.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1400 may include causing,after receiving the PAN, a trust routine to be performed in associationwith the device, the trust routine configured to determine whether thedevice has been tampered with. The process 1400 may also includedetermining that the trust routine indicates the device has not beentampered with. In these examples, requesting the account PIN may be inresponse to the trust routine indicating the device has not beentampered with.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1400 may include receivingthe PAN at a TEE of the device. The process 1400 may also include theaccount PIN being received outside the TEE of the device.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1400 may include, inresponse to requesting the account PIN, receiving an indication thatuser input is received that corresponds to the account PIN. In theseexamples, completing the payment may be based at least in part on theuser input corresponding to the account PIN.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1400 may include receivingthe PAN comprises receiving encrypted first data representing the PANfrom the ECR. The process 1400 may also include receiving encryptedsecond data representing the account PIN.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1400 may include sending theencrypted data to a payment processing system. The process 1400 may alsoinclude receiving, from the payment processing system, an indicationthat the account PIN, as decrypted by the payment processing system, isauthorized in association with the PAN. In these examples, completingthe payment may be based at least in part on the account PIN beingauthorized in association with the PAN.

Additionally, or alternatively, the process 1400 may include removing,by the POS application, the PAN from the device before requesting theaccount PIN.

FIG. 15 illustrates an example merchant ecosystem for facilitating,among other things, techniques described herein. The environment 1500includes server computing device(s) 1502 that can communicate over anetwork 1504 with user devices 1506 (which, in some examples can bemerchant devices 1508 (individually, 1508(A)-1508(N))) and/or servercomputing device(s) 1510 associated with third-party serviceprovider(s). The server computing device(s) 1502 can be associated witha service provider 1512 that can provide one or more services for thebenefit of users 1514, as described below. Actions attributed to theservice provider 1512 can be performed by the server computing device(s)1502.

In at least one example, the service provider 1512 can correspond to thepayment processing service provider described above. In at least oneexample, the server computing device(s) 1502 can correspond to theserver(s) 104 and the network(s) 1504 can correspond to the network(s)108 described above with reference to FIG. 1A. In at least one example,the multimedia content service providers described above with referenceto FIG. 1A can be associated with the server computing device(s) 1510associated with third-party service provider(s).

The environment 1500 can facilitate the enhanced security measuresassociated with embedded card readers as described herein. As describedabove, techniques to spatial and/or temporally separate PAN data and PINdata on a consumer off-the-shelf device utilized for conducting paymentsmay be employed utilizing the system 1500 described herein. For example,PAN data may be removed from the merchant device before a request forPIN data is made and/or before the PIN data is received at the device.Other methods include utilizing different applications to handle PANdata and PIN data, utilizing an intermediary application in addition totrust routines to determine whether a merchant device has beencompromised, utilizing various encryption schemes, processing EMV dataat a remote system, etc.

As described above, users of platforms (e.g., websites, applications,and other network-based communication tools provided by serviceproviders) leverage tools for online commerce (“ecommerce”). However,current technology has limitations, as described above. In someexamples, a nefarious actor that gains access to a merchant device,particularly a COTS device, may be able to gain access to both PAN dataand PIN data. The environment 1500 described herein enables a moresecure transaction environment while working within the confines of atypical transaction and without introducing undue latency to paymentprocessing. Thus, techniques described herein offer improvements toexisting technology.

The environment 1500 can include a plurality of user devices 1506, asdescribed above. Each one of the plurality of user devices 1506 can beany type of computing device such as a tablet computing device, a smartphone or mobile communication device, a laptop, a netbook or otherportable computer or semi-portable computer, a desktop computing device,a terminal computing device or other semi-stationary or stationarycomputing device, a dedicated device, a wearable computing device orother body-mounted computing device, an augmented reality device, avirtual reality device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc. In someexamples, individual ones of the user devices can be operable by users1514. The users 1514 can be referred to as buyers, customers, sellers,merchants, borrowers, employees, employers, payors, payees, couriers andso on. The users 1514 can interact with the user devices 1506 via userinterfaces presented via the user devices 1506. In at least one example,a user interface can be presented via a web browser, or the like. Inother examples, a user interface can be presented via an application,such as a mobile application or desktop application, which can beprovided by the service provider 1512 or which can be an otherwisededicated application. In some examples, individual of the user devices1506 can have an instance or versioned instance of an application, whichcan be downloaded from an application store, for example, which canpresent the user interface(s) described herein. In at least one example,a user 1514 can interact with the user interface via touch input, spokeninput, or any other type of input.

In at least one example, the merchant device 102 and the other merchantdevices 106 described above in FIG. 1 can comprise user devices 1506 asdescribed herein. Similarly, the merchant and the buyer can compriseusers 1514 as used herein.

In at least one example, the users 1514 can include merchants 1516(individually, 1516(A)-1516(N)). In an example, the merchants 1516 canoperate respective merchant devices 1508, which can be user devices 1506configured for use by merchants 1516. For the purpose of thisdiscussion, a “merchant” can be any entity that offers items (e.g.,goods or services) for purchase or other means of acquisition (e.g.,rent, borrow, barter, etc.). The merchants 1516 can offer items forpurchase or other means of acquisition via brick-and-mortar stores,mobile stores (e.g., pop-up shops, food trucks, etc.), online stores,combinations of the foregoing, and so forth. In some examples, at leastsome of the merchants 1516 can be associated with a same entity but canhave different merchant locations and/or can have franchise/franchiseerelationships. In additional or alternative examples, the merchants 1516can be different merchants. That is, in at least one example, themerchant 1516(A) is a different merchant than the merchant 1516(B)and/or the merchant 1516(C).

For the purpose of this discussion, “different merchants” can refer totwo or more unrelated merchants. “Different merchants” therefore canrefer to two or more merchants that are different legal entities (e.g.,natural persons and/or corporate persons) that do not share accounting,employees, branding, etc. “Different merchants,” as used herein, havedifferent names, employer identification numbers (EIN)s, lines ofbusiness (in some examples), inventories (or at least portions thereof),and/or the like. Thus, the use of the term “different merchants” doesnot refer to a merchant with various merchant locations orfranchise/franchisee relationships. Such merchants—with various merchantlocations or franchise/franchisee relationships—can be referred to asmerchants having different merchant locations and/or different commercechannels.

Each merchant device 1508 can have an instance of a POS application 1518stored thereon. The POS application 1518 can configure the merchantdevice 1508 as a POS terminal, which enables the merchant 1516(A) tointeract with one or more buyers 1520. As described above, the users1514 can include buyers, such as the buyers 1520 shown as interactingwith the merchant 1516(A). For the purpose of this discussion, a “buyer”can be any entity that acquires items from merchants. While only twobuyers 1520 are illustrated in FIG. 15 , any number of buyers 1520 caninteract with the merchants 1516. Further, while FIG. 15 illustrates thebuyers 1520 interacting with the merchant 1516(A), the buyers 1520 caninteract with any of the merchants 1516.

In at least one example, interactions between the buyers 1520 and themerchants 1516 that involve the exchange of funds (from the buyers 1520)for items (from the merchants 1516) can be referred to as “POStransactions” and/or “transactions.” In at least one example, the POSapplication 1518 can determine transaction data associated with the POStransactions. Transaction data can include payment information, whichcan be obtained from a reader device 1522 associated with the merchantdevice 1508(A), user authentication data, purchase amount information,point-of-purchase information (e.g., item(s) purchased, date ofpurchase, time of purchase, etc.), etc. The POS application 1518 cansend transaction data to the server computing device(s) 1502.Furthermore, the POS application 1518 can present a UI to enable themerchant 1516(A) to interact with the POS application 1518 and/or theservice provider 1512 via the POS application 1518.

In at least one example, the merchant device 1508(A) can be aspecial-purpose computing device configured as a POS terminal (via theexecution of the POS application 1518). In at least one example, the POSterminal may be connected to a reader device 1522, which is capable ofaccepting a variety of payment instruments, such as credit cards, debitcards, gift cards, short-range communication-based payment instruments,and the like, as described below. In at least one example, the readerdevice 1522 can plug in to a port in the merchant device 1508(A), suchas a microphone port, a headphone port, an audio-jack, a data port, orother suitable port. In additional or alternative examples, the readerdevice 1522 can be coupled to the merchant device 1508(A) via anotherwired or wireless connection, such as via a Bluetooth®, BLE, and so on.Additional details are described below with reference to FIG. 16 . Insome examples, the reader device 1522 can read information fromalternative payment instruments including, but not limited to,wristbands and the like.

In some examples, the reader device 1522 may physically interact withpayment instruments such as magnetic stripe payment cards, EMV paymentcards, and/or short-range communication (e.g., near field communication(NFC), radio frequency identification (RFID), Bluetooth®, Bluetooth® lowenergy (BLE), etc.) payment instruments (e.g., cards or devicesconfigured for tapping). The POS terminal may provide a rich userinterface, communicate with the reader device 1522, and communicate withthe server computing device(s) 1502, which can provide, among otherservices, a payment processing service. The server computing device(s)1502 associated with the service provider 1512 can communicate withserver computing device(s) 1510, as described below. In this manner, thePOS terminal and reader device 1522 may collectively processtransaction(s) between the merchants 1516 and buyers 1520. In someexamples, POS terminals and reader devices can be configured inone-to-one pairings. In other examples, the POS terminals and readerdevices can be configured in many-to-one pairings (e.g., one POSterminal coupled to multiple reader devices or multiple POS terminalscoupled to one reader device). In some examples, there could be multiplePOS terminal(s) connected to a number of other devices, such as“secondary” terminals, e.g., back-of-the-house systems, printers,line-buster devices, POS readers, and the like, to allow for informationfrom the secondary terminal to be shared between the primary POSterminal(s) and secondary terminal(s), for example via short-rangecommunication technology. This kind of arrangement may also work in anoffline-online scenario to allow one device (e.g., secondary terminal)to continue taking user input, and synchronize data with another device(e.g., primary terminal) when the primary or secondary terminal switchesto online mode. In other examples, such data synchronization may happenperiodically or at randomly selected time intervals.

In examples, the POS application(s) described herein may be configuredto communicate with the reader device 1522 and/or the ECR, such as toreceive PAN data from the reader device 1522 and/or the ECR. The cardreader library and/or intermediary applications as described herein maybe configured to assist in establishing and/or facilitating securecommunications between the reader device 1522 and the POS application(s)and/or the ECR and the POS application(s).

While, the POS terminal and the reader device 1522 of the POS system1524 are shown as separate devices, in additional or alternativeexamples, the POS terminal and the reader device 1522 can be part of asingle device. In some examples, the reader device 1522 can have adisplay integrated therein for presenting information to the buyers1520. In additional or alternative examples, the POS terminal can have adisplay integrated therein for presenting information to the buyers1520. POS systems, such as the POS system 1524, may be mobile, such thatPOS terminals and reader devices may process transactions in disparatelocations across the world. POS systems can be used for processingcard-present transactions and card-not-present (CNP) transactions, asdescribed below.

A card-present transaction is a transaction where both a buyer 1520 andhis or her payment instrument are physically present at the time of thetransaction. Card-present transactions may be processed by swipes, dips,taps, or any other interaction between a physical payment instrument(e.g., a card), or otherwise present payment instrument, and a readerdevice 1522 whereby the reader device 1522 is able to obtain paymentdata from the payment instrument. A swipe is a card-present transactionwhere a buyer 1520 slides a card, or other payment instrument, having amagnetic strip through a reader device 1522 that captures payment datacontained in the magnetic strip. A dip is a card-present transactionwhere a buyer 1520 inserts a payment instrument having an embeddedmicrochip (i.e., chip) into a reader device 1522 first. The dippedpayment instrument remains in the payment reader until the reader device1522 prompts the buyer 1520 to remove the card, or other paymentinstrument. While the payment instrument is in the reader device 1522,the microchip can create a one-time code which is sent from the POSsystem 1524 to the server computing device(s) 1510 (which can beassociated with third-party service providers that provide paymentservices, including but not limited to, an acquirer bank, an issuer,and/or a card payment network (e.g., Mastercard®, VISA®, etc.)) to bematched with an identical one-time code. A tap is a card-presenttransaction where a buyer 1520 may tap or hover his or her paymentinstrument (e.g., card, electronic device such as a smart phone runninga payment application, etc.) over a reader device 1522 to complete atransaction via short-range communication (e.g., NFC, RFID, Bluetooth®,BLE, etc.). Short-range communication enables the payment instrument toexchange information with the reader device 1522. A tap may also becalled a contactless payment.

A CNP transaction is a transaction where a card, or other paymentinstrument, is not physically present at the POS such that payment datais required to be manually keyed in (e.g., by a merchant, buyer, etc.),or payment data is required to be recalled from a card-on-file datastore, to complete the transaction.

The POS system 1524, the server computing device(s) 1502, and/or theserver computing device(s) 1510 may exchange payment information andtransaction data to determine whether transactions are authorized. Forexample, the POS system 1524 may provide encrypted payment data, userauthentication data, purchase amount information, point-of-purchaseinformation, etc. (collectively, transaction data) to server computingdevice(s) 1502 over the network(s) 1504. The server computing device(s)1502 may send the transaction data to the server computing device(s)1510. As described above, in at least one example, the server computingdevice(s) 1510 can be associated with third-party service providers thatprovide payment services, including but not limited to, an acquirerbank, an issuer, and/or a card payment network (e.g., Mastercard®,VISA®, etc.)

For the purpose of this discussion, the “payment service providers” canbe acquiring banks (“acquirer”), issuing banks (“issuer”), card paymentnetworks, and the like. In an example, an acquirer is a bank orfinancial institution that processes payments (e.g., credit or debitcard payments) and can assume risk on behalf of merchants(s). Anacquirer can be a registered member of a card association (e.g., Visa®,MasterCard®), and can be part of a card payment network. The acquirer(e.g., the server computing device(s) 1510 associated therewith) cansend a fund transfer request to a server computing device of a cardpayment network (e.g., Mastercard®, VISA®, etc.) to determine whetherthe transaction is authorized or deficient. In at least one example, theservice provider 1512 can serve as an acquirer and connect directly withthe card payment network.

The card payment network (e.g., the server computing device(s) 1510associated therewith) can forward the fund transfer request to anissuing bank (e.g., “issuer”). The issuer is a bank or financialinstitution that offers a financial account (e.g., credit or debit cardaccount) to a user. An issuer can issue payment cards to users and canpay acquirers for purchases made by cardholders to which the issuingbank has issued a payment card. The issuer (e.g., the server computingdevice(s) 1510 associated therewith) can make a determination as towhether the buyer has the capacity to absorb the relevant chargeassociated with the payment transaction. In at least one example, theservice provider 1512 can serve as an issuer and/or can partner with anissuer. The transaction is either approved or rejected by the issuerand/or the card payment network (e.g., the server computing device(s)1510 associated therewith), and a payment authorization message iscommunicated from the issuer to the POS device via a path opposite ofthat described above, or via an alternate path.

As described above, the server computing device(s) 1510, which can beassociated with payment service provider(s), may determine whether thetransaction is authorized based on the transaction data, as well asinformation relating to parties to the transaction (e.g., the buyer 1520and/or the merchant 1516(A)). The server computing device(s) 1510 maysend an authorization notification over the network(s) 1504 to theserver computing device(s) 1502, which may send the authorizationnotification to the POS system 1524 over the network(s) 1504 to indicatewhether the transaction is authorized. The server computing device(s)1502 may also transmit additional information such as transactionidentifiers to the POS system 1524. In one example, the server computingdevice(s) 1502 may include a merchant application and/or otherfunctional components for communicating with the POS system 1524 and/orthe server computing device(s) 1510 to authorize or declinetransactions.

Based on the authentication notification that is received by the POSsystem 1524 from server computing device(s) 1502, the merchant 1516(A)may indicate to the buyer 1520 whether the transaction has beenapproved. In some examples, approval may be indicated at the POS system1524, for example, at a display of the POS system 1524. In otherexamples, such as with a smart phone or watch operating as a short-rangecommunication payment instrument, information about the approvedtransaction may be provided to the short-range communication paymentinstrument for presentation via a display of the smart phone or watch.In some examples, additional or alternative information can additionallybe presented with the approved transaction notification including, butnot limited to, receipts, special offers, coupons, or loyalty programinformation.

As mentioned above, the service provider 1512 can provide, among otherservices, payment processing services, inventory management services,catalog management services, business banking services, financingservices, lending services, reservation management services,web-development services, payroll services, employee managementservices, appointment services, loyalty tracking services, restaurantmanagement services, order management services, fulfillment services,peer-to-peer payment services, onboarding services, identityverification (IDV) services, and so on. In some examples, the users 1514can access all of the services of the service provider 1512. In otherexamples, the users 1514 can have gradated access to the services, whichcan be based on risk tolerance, IDV outputs, subscriptions, and so on.In at least one example, access to such services can be availed to themerchants 1516 via the POS application 1518. In additional oralternative examples, each service can be associated with its own accesspoint (e.g., application, web browser, etc.).

The service provider 1512 can offer payment processing services forprocessing payments on behalf of the merchants 1516, as described above.For example, the service provider 1512 can provision payment processingsoftware, payment processing hardware and/or payment processing servicesto merchants 1516, as described above, to enable the merchants 1516 toreceive payments from the buyers 1520 when conducting POS transactionswith the buyers 1520. For instance, the service provider 1512 can enablethe merchants 1516 to receive cash payments, payment card payments,and/or electronic payments from buyers 1520 for POS transactions and theservice provider 1512 can process transactions on behalf of themerchants 1516.

As the service provider 1512 processes transactions on behalf of themerchants 1516, the service provider 1512 can maintain accounts orbalances for the merchants 1516 in one or more ledgers. For example, theservice provider 1512 can analyze transaction data received for atransaction to determine an amount of funds owed to a merchant 1516(A)for the transaction. In at least one example, such an amount can be atotal purchase price less fees charged by the service provider 1512 forproviding the payment processing services. Based on determining theamount of funds owed to the merchant 1516(A), the service provider 1512can deposit funds into an account of the merchant 1516(A). The accountcan have a stored balance, which can be managed by the service provider1512. The account can be different from a conventional bank account atleast because the stored balance is managed by a ledger of the serviceprovider 1512 and the associated funds are accessible via variouswithdrawal channels including, but not limited to, scheduled deposit,same-day deposit, instant deposit, and a linked payment instrument.

A scheduled deposit can occur when the service provider 1512 transfersfunds associated with a stored balance of the merchant 1516(A) to a bankaccount of the merchant 1516(A) that is held at a bank or otherfinancial institution (e.g., associated with the server computingdevice(s) 1510). Scheduled deposits can occur at a prearranged timeafter a POS transaction is funded, which can be a business day after thePOS transaction occurred, or sooner or later. In some examples, themerchant 1516(A) can access funds prior to a scheduled deposit. Forinstance, the merchant 1516(A) may have access to same-day deposits(e.g., wherein the service provider 1512 deposits funds from the storedbalance to a linked bank account of the merchant on a same day as POStransaction, in some examples prior to the POS transaction being funded)or instant deposits (e.g., wherein the service provider 1512 depositsfunds from the stored balance to a linked bank account of the merchanton demand, such as responsive to a request). Further, in at least oneexample, the merchant 1516(A) can have a payment instrument that islinked to the stored balance that enables the merchant to access thefunds without first transferring the funds from the account managed bythe service provider 1512 to the bank account of the merchant 1516(A).

In at least one example, the service provider 1512 may provide inventorymanagement services. That is, the service provider 1512 may provideinventory tracking and reporting. Inventory management services mayenable the merchant 1516(A) to access and manage a database storing dataassociated with a quantity of each item that the merchant 1516(A) hasavailable (i.e., an inventory). Furthermore, in at least one example,the service provider 1512 can provide catalog management services toenable the merchant 1516(A) to maintain a catalog, which can be adatabase storing data associated with items that the merchant 1516(A)has available for acquisition (i.e., catalog management services). In atleast one example, the catalog may include a plurality of data items anda data item of the plurality of data items may represent an item thatthe merchant 1561(A) has available for acquisition. The service provider1512 can offer recommendations related to pricing of the items,placement of items on the catalog, and multi-party fulfilment of theinventory.

In at least one example, the service provider 1512 can provide businessbanking services, which allow the merchant 1516(A) to track deposits(from payment processing and/or other sources of funds) into an accountof the merchant 1516(A), payroll payments from the account (e.g.,payments to employees of the merchant 1516(A)), payments to othermerchants (e.g., business-to-business) directly from the account or froma linked debit card, withdrawals made via scheduled deposit and/orinstant deposit, etc. Furthermore, the business banking services canenable the merchant 1516(A) to obtain a customized payment instrument(e.g., credit card), check how much money they are earning (e.g., viapresentation of available earned balance), understand where their moneyis going (e.g., via deposit reports (which can include a breakdown offees), spend reports, etc.), access/use earned money (e.g., viascheduled deposit, instant deposit, linked payment instrument, etc.),feel in control of their money (e.g., via management of depositschedule, deposit speed, linked instruments, etc.), etc. Moreover, thebusiness banking services can enable the merchants 1516 to visualizetheir cash flow to track their financial health, set aside money forupcoming obligations (e.g., savings), organize money around goals, etc.

In at least one example, the service provider 1512 can provide financingservices and products, such as via business loans, consumer loans, fixedterm loans, flexible term loans, and the like. In at least one example,the service provider 1512 can utilize one or more risk signals todetermine whether to extend financing offers and/or terms associatedwith such financing offers.

In at least one example, the service provider 1512 can provide financingservices for offering and/or lending a loan to a borrower that is to beused for, in some instances, financing the borrower's short-termoperational needs (e.g., a capital loan). For instance, a potentialborrower that is a merchant can obtain a capital loan via a capital loanproduct in order to finance various operational costs (e.g., rent,payroll, inventory, etc.). In at least one example, the service provider1512 can offer different types of capital loan products. For instance,in at least one example, the service provider 1512 can offer a dailyrepayment loan product, wherein a capital loan is repaid daily, forinstance, from a portion of transactions processed by the paymentprocessing service on behalf of the borrower. Additionally and/oralternatively, the service provider 1512 can offer a monthly repaymentloan product, wherein a capital loan is repaid monthly, for instance,via a debit from a bank account linked to the payment processingservice. The credit risk of the merchant may be evaluated using riskmodels that take into account factors, such as payment volume, creditrisk of similarly situated merchants, past transaction history,seasonality, credit history, and so on.

Additionally or alternatively, the service provider 1512 can providefinancing services for offering and/or lending a loan to a borrower thatis to be used for, in some instances, financing the borrower's consumerpurchase (e.g., a consumer loan). In at least one example, a borrowercan submit a request for a loan to enable the borrower to purchase anitem from a merchant, which can be one of the merchants 1516. Theservice provider 1512 can create the loan based at least in part ondetermining that the borrower purchased or intends to purchase the itemfrom the merchant. The loan can be associated with a balance based on anactual purchase price of the item and the borrower can repay the loanover time. In some examples, the borrower can repay the loan viainstallments, which can be paid via funds managed and/or maintained bythe service provider 1512 (e.g., from payments owed to the merchant frompayments processed on behalf of the merchant, funds transferred to themerchant, etc.). The service provider 1512 can offer specific financialproducts, such as payment instruments, tied specifically to the loanproducts. For example, in one implementation, the server provider 1512associates capital to a merchant or buyer's debit card, where the use ofthe debit card is defined by the terms of the loan. In some examples,the merchant may only use the debit card for making specific purchases.In other examples, the “installment” associated with the loan product iscredited directly via the payment instrument. The payment instrument isthus customized to the loan and/or the parties associated with the loan.

The service provider 1512 can provide web-development services, whichenable users 1514 who are unfamiliar with HTML, XML, JavaScript, CSS, orother web design tools to create and maintain professional andaesthetically pleasing websites. Some of these web page editingapplications allow users to build a web page and/or modify a web page(e.g., change, add, or remove content associated with a web page).Further, in addition to websites, the web-development services cancreate and maintain other online omni-channel presences, such as socialmedia posts for example. In some examples, the resulting web page(s)and/or other content items can be used for offering item(s) for sale viaan online/e-commerce platform. That is, the resulting web page(s) and/orother content items can be associated with an online store or offeringby the one or more of the merchants 1516. In at least one example, theservice provider 1512 can recommend and/or create content items tosupplement omni-channel presences of the merchants 1516. That is, if amerchant of the merchants 1516 has a web page, the service provider1512—via the web-development or other services—can recommend and/orcreate additional content items to be presented via other channel(s),such as social media, email, etc.

Furthermore, the service provider 1512 can provide payroll services toenable employers to pay employees for work performed on behalf ofemployers. In at least one example, the service provider 1512 canreceive data that includes time worked by an employee (e.g., throughimported timecards and/or POS interactions), sales made by the employee,gratuities received by the employee, and so forth. Based on such data,the service provider 1512 can make payroll payments to employee(s) onbehalf of an employer via the payroll service. For instance, the serviceprovider 1512 can facilitate the transfer of a total amount to be paidout for the payroll of an employee from the bank of the employer to thebank of the service provider 1512 to be used to make payroll payments.In at least one example, when the funds have been received at the bankof the service provider 1512, the service provider 1512 can pay theemployee, such as by check or direct deposit, often a day, a week, ormore after when the work was actually performed by the employee. Inadditional or alternative examples, the service provider 1512 can enableemployee(s) to receive payments via same-day or instant deposit based atleast in part on risk and/or reliability analyses performed by theservice provider 1512.

Moreover, in at least one example, the service provider 1512 can provideemployee management services for managing schedules of employees.Further, the service provider 1512 can provide appointment services forenabling users 1514 to set schedules for scheduling appointments and/orusers 1514 to schedule appointments.

In some examples, the service provider 1512 can provide restaurantmanagement services to enable users 1514 to make and/or managereservations, to monitor front-of-house and/or back-of-house operations,and so on. In such examples, the merchant device(s) 1508 and/or servercomputing device(s) 1502 can be configured to communicate with one ormore other computing devices, which can be located in the front-of-house(e.g., POS device(s)) and/or back-of-house (e.g., kitchen displaysystem(s) (KDS)). In at least one example, the service provider 1512 canprovide order management services and/or fulfillment services to enablerestaurants to manage open tickets, split tickets, and so on and/ormanage fulfillment services. In some examples, such services can beassociated with restaurant merchants, as described above. In additionalor alternative examples, such services can be any type of merchant.

In at least one example, the service provider 1512 can providefulfilment services, which can use couriers for delivery, whereincouriers can travel between multiple locations to provide deliveryservices, photography services, etc. Couriers can be users 1514 who cantravel between locations to perform services for a requesting user 1514(e.g., deliver items, capture images, etc.). In some examples, thecourier can receive compensation from the service provider 1512. Thecourier can employ one or more vehicles, such as automobiles, bicycles,scooters, motorcycles, buses, airplanes, helicopters, boats,skateboards, etc. Although, in other instances the courier can travel byfoot or otherwise without a vehicle. Some examples discussed hereinenable people to participate as couriers in a type of crowdsourcedservice economy. Here, essentially any person with a mobile device isable to immediately become a courier, or cease to be a courier, in acourier network that provides services as described herein. In at leastone example, the couriers can be unmanned aerial vehicles (e.g.,drones), autonomous vehicles, or any other type of vehicle capable ofreceiving instructions for traveling between locations. In someexamples, the service provider 1512 can receive requests for courierservices, automatically assign the requests to active couriers, andcommunicate dispatch instructions to couriers via user interface (e.g.,application, web browser, or other access point) presented viarespective devices 1506.

In some examples, the service provider 1512 can provide omni-channelfulfillment services. For instance, if a buyer places an order with amerchant and the merchant cannot fulfill the order because one or moreitems are out of stock or otherwise unavailable, the service provider1512 can leverage other merchants and/or sales channels that are part ofthe platform of the service provider 1512 to fulfill the buyer's order.That is, another merchant can provide the one or more items to fulfillthe order of the buyer. Furthermore, in some examples, another saleschannel (e.g., online, brick-and-mortar, etc.) can be used to fulfillthe order of the buyer.

In some examples, the service provider 1512 can enable conversationalcommerce via conversational commerce services, which can use one or moremachine learning mechanisms to analyze messages exchanged between two ormore users 1514, voice inputs into a virtual assistant or the like, todetermine intents of user(s) 1514. In some examples, the serviceprovider 1512 can utilize determined intents to automate buyer service,offer promotions, provide recommendations, or otherwise interact withbuyers in real-time. In at least one example, the service provider 1512can integrate products and services, and payment mechanisms into acommunication platform (e.g., messaging, etc.) to enable buyers to makepurchases, or otherwise transact, without having to call, email, orvisit a web page or other channel of a merchant. That is, conversationalcommerce alleviates the need for buyers to toggle back and forth betweenconversations and web pages to gather information and make purchases.

In at least one example, the service provider 1512 can provide apeer-to-peer payment service that enables peer-to-peer payments betweentwo or more users 1514. In at least one example, the service provider1512 can communicate with instances of a payment application (or otheraccess point) installed on devices 1506 configured for operation byusers 1514. In an example, an instance of the payment applicationexecuting on a first device operated by a payor can send a request tothe service provider 1512 to transfer an amount of funds (e.g., fiatcurrency or non-fiat currency such as cryptocurrency, securities, andrelated assets) from an account of the payor to an account of a payee(e.g., a peer-to-peer payment). The service provider 1512 can facilitatethe transfer and can send a notification to an instance of the paymentapplication executing on a second mobile device operated by the payeethat the transfer is in process (or has been completed). In someexamples, the service provider 1512 can send additional or alternativeinformation to the instances of the payment application (e.g., lowbalance to the payor, current balance to the payor or the payee, etc.).In some implementations, the payor and/or payee can be identifiedautomatically, e.g., based on context, proximity, prior transactionhistory, and so on. In other examples, the payee can send a request forfunds to the payor prior to the payor initiating the transfer of funds.The funds transferred can be associated with any digital currency type,including, but not limited to, cash, cryptocurrency, etc. In someembodiments, the service provider 1512 funds the request to payee onbehalf of the payor, to speed up the transfer process and compensate forany lags that may be attributed to payor's financial network.

In some implementations, the service provider 1512 can trigger thepeer-to-peer payment process through identification of a “payment proxy”having a particular syntax. For example, the syntax includes a monetarycurrency indicator prefixing one or more alphanumeric characters (e.g.,$Cash). The currency indicator operates as the tagging mechanism thatindicates to a computer system to treat the inputs as a request from thesender to transfer cash, where detection of the syntax (which includesone or more alphanumeric characters tagged by a monetary currencyindicator) triggers a transfer of cash. The currency indicator cancorrespond to various currencies including but not limited to, dollar($), euro (€), pound (£), rupee (

), yuan (¥), etc. Although use of the dollar currency indicator ($) isused herein, it is to be understood that any currency symbol couldequally be used. The peer-to-peer process can be initiated through aparticular application executing on the user devices 1506.

In some embodiments, the peer-to-peer process can be implemented withina forum context. The term “forum,” as used here, refers to a contentprovider's media channel (e.g., a social networking platform, amicroblog, a blog, video sharing platform, a music sharing platform,etc.) that enables user interaction and engagement through comments,posts, messages on electronic bulletin boards, messages on a socialnetworking platform, and/or any other types of messages. The forum canbe employed by a content provider to enable users of the forum tointeract with one another, (e.g., through creating messages, postingcomments, etc.). In some embodiments, “forum” may also refer to anapplication or webpage of an e-commerce or retail organization thatoffers products and/or services. Such websites can provide an online“form” to complete before or after the products or services are added toa virtual cart. The online form may include one or more fields toreceive user interaction and engagement. Examples include name and otheridentification of the user, shipping address of the user, etc. Some ofthese fields may be configured to receive payment information, such as apayment proxy, in lieu of other kinds of payment mechanisms, such ascredit cards, debit cards, prepaid cards, gift cards, virtual wallets,etc.

In some embodiments, the peer-to-peer process can be implemented withina communication application context, such as a messaging applicationcontext. The term “messaging application,” as used here, refers to anymessaging application that enables communication between users (e.g.,sender and recipient of a message) over a wired or wirelesscommunications network, through use of a communication message. Themessaging application can be employed by the service provider 1512. Forinstance, the service provider 1512 can offer messaging services thatprovides a communication service to users via a messaging application(e.g., chat or messaging capability). The messaging application caninclude, for example, a text messaging application for communicationbetween phones (e.g., conventional mobile telephones or smartphones), ora cross-platform instant messaging application for smartphones andphones that use the Internet for communication. The messagingapplication can be executed on a user device 1506 (e.g., mobile deviceor conventional personal computer (PC)) based on instructionstransmitted to and from the server computing device(s) 1502 (which, insuch an example can be called a “messaging server”). In some instances,the messaging application can include a payment application withmessaging capability that enables users of the payment application tocommunicate with one another. In such instances, the payment applicationcan be executed on the user device 1506 based on instructionstransmitted to and from the server computing device(s) 1502 (e.g., thepayment service discussed in this description or another payment servicethat supports payment transactions).

In at least some embodiments, the peer-to-peer process can beimplemented within a landing page context. The term “landing page,” asused here, refers to a virtual location identified by a personalizedlocation address that is dedicated to collect payments on behalf of arecipient associated with the personalized location address. Thepersonalized location address that identifies the landing page caninclude a payment proxy discussed above. The service provider 1512 cancreate the landing page to enable the recipient to conveniently receiveone or more payments from one or more senders. In some embodiments, thepersonalized location address identifying the landing page is a uniformresource locator (URL) that incorporates the payment proxy. In suchembodiments, the landing page is a web page, e.g., www.cash.me/$Cash.

In at least one example, a user 1514 may be new to the service provider1512 such that the user 1514 that has not registered (e.g., subscribedto receive access to one or more services offered by the serviceprovider) with the service provider 1512. The service provider 1512 canoffer onboarding services for registering a potential user 1514 with theservice provider 1512. In some examples, onboarding can involvepresenting various questions, prompts, and the like to a potential user1514 to obtain information that can be used to create a profile for thepotential user 1514. In at least one example, the service provider 1512can provide limited or short-term access to its services prior to, orduring, onboarding (e.g., a user of a peer-to-peer payment service cantransfer and/or receive funds prior to being fully onboarded, a merchantcan process payments prior to being fully onboarded, etc.). In at leastone example, responsive to the potential user 1514 providing allnecessary information, the potential user 1514 can be onboarded to theservice provider 1512. In such an example, any limited or short-termaccess to services of the service provider 1512 can be transitioned tomore permissive (e.g., less limited) or longer-term access to suchservices.

The service provider 1512 can be associated with IDV services, which canbe used by the service provider 1512 for compliance purposes and/or canbe offered as a service, for instance to third-party service providers(e.g., associated with the server computing device(s) 1510). That is,the service provider 1512 can offer IDV services to verify the identityof users 1514 seeking to use or using their services. Identityverification requires a buyer (or potential buyer) to provideinformation that is used by compliance departments to prove that theinformation is associated with an identity of a real person or entity.In at least one example, the service provider 1512 can perform servicesfor determining whether identifying information provided by a user 1514accurately identifies the buyer (or potential buyer) (i.e., Is the buyerwho they say they are?).

The service provider 1512 is capable of providing additional oralternative services and the services described above are offered as asampling of services. In at least one example, the service provider 1512can exchange data with the server computing device(s) 1510 associatedwith third-party service providers. Such third-party service providerscan provide information that enables the service provider 1512 toprovide services, such as those described above. In additional oralternative examples, such third-party service providers can accessservices of the service provider 1512. That is, in some examples, thethird-party service providers can be subscribers, or otherwise access,services of the service provider 1512.

Techniques described herein can be configured to operate in bothreal-time/online and offline modes. “Online” modes refer to modes whendevices are capable of communicating with the service provider 1512(e.g., the server computing device(s) 1502) and/or the server computingdevice(s) 1510 via the network(s) 1504. In some examples, the merchantdevice(s) 1508 are not capable of connecting with the service provider1512 (e.g., the server computing device(s) 1502) and/or the servercomputing device(s) 1510, due to a network connectivity issue, forexample. In additional or alternative examples, the server computingdevice(s) 1502 are not capable of communicating with the servercomputing device(s) 1510 due to network connectivity issue, for example.In such examples, devices may operate in “offline” mode where at leastsome payment data is stored (e.g., on the merchant device(s) 1508)and/or the server computing device(s) 1502 until connectivity isrestored and the payment data can be transmitted to the server computingdevice(s) 1502 and/or the server computing device(s) 1510 forprocessing.

In at least one example, the service provider 1512 can be associatedwith a hub, such as an order hub, an inventory hub, a fulfillment huband so on, which can enable integration with one or more additionalservice providers (e.g., associated with the additional server computingdevice(s) 1510). In some examples, such additional service providers canoffer additional or alternative services and the service provider 1512can provide an interface or other computer-readable instructions tointegrate functionality of the service provider 1512 into the one ormore additional service providers.

Techniques described herein are directed to services provided via adistributed system of user devices 1506 that are in communication withone or more server computing devices 1502 of the service provider 1512.That is, techniques described herein are directed to a specificimplementation—or, a practical application—of utilizing a distributedsystem of user devices 1506 that are in communication with one or moreserver computing devices 1502 of the service provider 1512 to perform avariety of services, as described above. The unconventionalconfiguration of the distributed system described herein enables theserver computing device(s) 1502 that are remotely-located from end-users(e.g., users 1514) to intelligently offer services based on aggregateddata associated with the end-users, such as the users 1514 (e.g., dataassociated with multiple, different merchants and/or multiple, differentbuyers), in some examples, in near-real time. Accordingly, techniquesdescribed herein are directed to a particular arrangement of elementsthat offer technical improvements over conventional techniques forperforming payment processing services and the like. For small businessowners in particular, the business environment is typically fragmentedand relies on unrelated tools and programs, making it difficult for anowner to manually consolidate and view such data. The techniquesdescribed herein constantly or periodically monitor disparate anddistinct merchant accounts, e.g., accounts within the control of theservice provider 1512, and those outside of the control of the serviceprovider 1512, to track the business standing (payables, receivables,payroll, invoices, appointments, capital, etc.) of the merchants. Thetechniques herein provide a consolidated view of a merchant's cash flow,predict needs, preemptively offer recommendations or services, such ascapital, coupons, etc., and/or enable money movement between disparateaccounts (merchant's, another merchant's, or even payment service's) ina frictionless and transparent manner.

As described herein, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and thelike can be used to dynamically make determinations, recommendations,and the like, thereby adding intelligence and context-awareness to anotherwise one-size-fits-all scheme for providing payment processingservices and/or additional or alternative services described herein. Insome implementations, the distributed system is capable of applying theintelligence derived from an existing user base to a new user, therebymaking the onboarding experience for the new user personalized andfrictionless when compared to traditional onboarding methods. Thus,techniques described herein improve existing technological processes.

As described above, various graphical user interfaces (GUIs) can bepresented to facilitate techniques described herein. Some of thetechniques described herein are directed to user interface featurespresented via GUIs to improve interaction between users 1514 and userdevices 1506. Furthermore, such features are changed dynamically basedon the profiles of the users involved interacting with the GUIs. Assuch, techniques described herein are directed to improvements tocomputing systems.

FIG. 16 illustrates additional details associated with individualcomponents of the merchant ecosystem described in FIG. 15 . The system1600 includes a user device 1602, that communicates with servercomputing device(s) (e.g., server(s) 1604) via network(s) 1606 (e.g.,the Internet, cable network(s), cellular network(s), cloud network(s),wireless network(s) (e.g., Wi-Fi) and wired network(s), as well asclose-range communications such as Bluetooth®, Bluetooth® low energy(BLE), and the like). While a single user device 1602 is illustrated, inadditional or alternate examples, the system 1600 can have multiple userdevices, as described above with reference to FIG. 15 .

The environment 1600 can facilitate the enhanced security measuresassociated with embedded card readers as described herein. As describedabove, techniques to spatial and/or temporally separate PAN data and PINdata on a consumer off-the-shelf device utilized for conducting paymentsmay be employed utilizing the system 1600 described herein. For example,PAN data may be removed from the merchant device before a request forPIN data is made and/or before the PIN data is received at the device.Other methods include utilizing different applications to handle PANdata and PIN data, utilizing an intermediary application in addition totrust routines to determine whether a merchant device has beencompromised, utilizing various encryption schemes, processing EMV dataat a remote system, etc.

As described above, users of platforms (e.g., websites, applications,and other network-based communication tools provided by serviceproviders) leverage tools for online commerce (“ecommerce”). However,current technology has limitations, as described above. In someexamples, a user interested in selling products can start sellingproducts in a given unit of measurement. Such systems do not provideinsight on what the best units of measurement may be for purchasing,storing, and/or selling product in. Furthermore, the currentinfrastructure does not allow automatic filtering of transaction dataassociated with units of measurement and puts the onus on the merchantto gather and decipher this information. As such, current technology isinefficient and is not user friendly. The environment 1600 describedherein enables frictionless (or near-frictionless) unit conversionrecommendations via interactions between merchants and merchant devices.Thus, techniques described herein offer improvements to existingtechnology.

In at least one example, the user device 1602 can be any suitable typeof computing device, e.g., portable, semi-portable, semi-stationary, orstationary. Some examples of the user device 1602 can include, but arenot limited to, a tablet computing device, a smart phone or mobilecommunication device, a laptop, a netbook or other portable computer orsemi-portable computer, a desktop computing device, a terminal computingdevice or other semi-stationary or stationary computing device, adedicated device, a wearable computing device or other body-mountedcomputing device, an augmented reality device, a virtual reality device,an Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc. That is, the user device 1602can be any computing device capable of sending communications andperforming the functions according to the techniques described herein.The user device 1602 can include devices, e.g., payment card readers, orcomponents capable of accepting payments, as described below.

In the illustrated example, the user device 1602 includes one or moreprocessors 1608, one or more computer-readable media 1610, one or morecommunication interface(s) 1612, one or more input/output (I/O) devices1614, a display 1616, and sensor(s) 1618.

In at least one example, each processor 1608 can itself comprise one ormore processors or processing cores. For example, the processor(s) 1608can be implemented as one or more microprocessors, microcomputers,microcontrollers, digital signal processors, central processing units,state machines, logic circuitries, and/or any devices that manipulatesignals based on operational instructions. In some examples, theprocessor(s) 1608 can be one or more hardware processors and/or logiccircuits of any suitable type specifically programmed or configured toexecute the algorithms and processes described herein. The processor(s)1608 can be configured to fetch and execute computer-readableprocessor-executable instructions stored in the computer-readable media1610.

Depending on the configuration of the user device 1602, thecomputer-readable media 1610 can be an example of tangiblenon-transitory computer storage media and can include volatile andnonvolatile memory and/or removable and non-removable media implementedin any type of technology for storage of information such ascomputer-readable processor-executable instructions, data structures,program modules or other data. The computer-readable media 1610 caninclude, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory,solid-state storage, magnetic disk storage, optical storage, and/orother computer-readable media technology. Further, in some examples, theuser device 1602 can access external storage, such as RAID storagesystems, storage arrays, network attached storage, storage areanetworks, cloud storage, or any other medium that can be used to storeinformation and that can be accessed by the processor(s) 1608 directlyor through another computing device or network. Accordingly, thecomputer-readable media 1610 can be computer storage media able to storeinstructions, modules or components that can be executed by theprocessor(s) 1608. Further, when mentioned, non-transitorycomputer-readable media exclude media such as energy, carrier signals,electromagnetic waves, and signals per se.

The computer-readable media 1610 can be used to store and maintain anynumber of functional components that are executable by the processor(s)1608. In some implementations, these functional components compriseinstructions or programs that are executable by the processor(s) 1608and that, when executed, implement operational logic for performing theactions and services attributed above to the user device 1602.Functional components stored in the computer-readable media 1610 caninclude a user interface 1620 to enable users to interact with the userdevice 1602, and thus the server(s) 1604 and/or other networked devices.In at least one example, the user interface 1620 can be presented via aweb browser, or the like. In other examples, the user interface 1620 canbe presented via an application, such as a mobile application or desktopapplication, which can be provided by a service provider 1612 associatedwith the server(s) 1604, or which can be an otherwise dedicatedapplication. In some examples, the user interface 1620 can be one of theuser interface(s) described above with reference to FIG. 1A. In at leastone example, a user can interact with the user interface via touchinput, spoken input, gesture, or any other type of input. The word“input” is also used to describe “contextual” input that may not bedirectly provided by the user via the user interface 1620. For example,user's interactions with the user interface 1620 are analyzed using,e.g., natural language processing techniques, to determine context orintent of the user, which may be treated in a manner similar to “direct”user input.

Depending on the type of the user device 1602, the computer-readablemedia 1610 can also optionally include other functional components anddata, such as other modules and data 1622, which can include programs,drivers, etc., and the data used or created by the functionalcomponents. In addition, the computer-readable media 1610 can also storedata, data structures and the like, that are used by the functionalcomponents. Further, the user device 1602 can include many otherlogical, programmatic and physical components, of which those describedare merely examples that are related to the discussion herein.

In at least one example, the computer-readable media 1610 can includeadditional functional components, such as an operating system 1624 forcontrolling and managing various functions of the user device 1602 andfor enabling basic user interactions.

The communication interface(s) 1612 can include one or more interfacesand hardware components for enabling communication with various otherdevices, such as over the network(s) 1606 or directly. For example,communication interface(s) 1612 can enable communication through one ormore network(s) 1606, which can include, but are not limited any type ofnetwork known in the art, such as a local area network or a wide areanetwork, such as the Internet, and can include a wireless network, suchas a cellular network, a cloud network, a local wireless network, suchas Wi-Fi and/or close-range wireless communications, such as Bluetooth®,BLE, NFC, RFID, a wired network, or any other such network, or anycombination thereof. Accordingly, network(s) 1606 can include both wiredand/or wireless communication technologies, including Bluetooth®, BLE,Wi-Fi and cellular communication technologies, as well as wired or fiberoptic technologies. Components used for such communications can dependat least in part upon the type of network, the environment selected, orboth. Protocols for communicating over such networks are well known andwill not be discussed herein in detail.

Embodiments of the disclosure may be provided to users through a cloudcomputing infrastructure. Cloud computing refers to the provision ofscalable computing resources as a service over a network, to enableconvenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurablecomputing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released withminimal management effort or service provider interaction. Thus, cloudcomputing allows a user to access virtual computing resources (e.g.,storage, data, applications, and even complete virtualized computingsystems) in “the cloud,” without regard for the underlying physicalsystems (or locations of those systems) used to provide the computingresources.

The user device 1602 can further include one or more input/output (I/O)devices 1614. The I/O devices 1614 can include speakers, a microphone, acamera, and various user controls (e.g., buttons, a joystick, akeyboard, a keypad, etc.), a haptic output device, and so forth. The I/Odevices 1614 can also include attachments that leverage the accessories(audio-jack, USB-C, Bluetooth, etc.) to connect with the user device1602.

In at least one example, user device 1602 can include a display 1616.Depending on the type of computing device(s) used as the user device1602, the display 1616 can employ any suitable display technology. Forexample, the display 1616 can be a liquid crystal display, a plasmadisplay, a light emitting diode display, an OLED (organic light-emittingdiode) display, an electronic paper display, or any other suitable typeof display able to present digital content thereon. In at least oneexample, the display 1616 can be an augmented reality display, avirtually reality display, or any other display able to present and/orproject digital content. In some examples, the display 1616 can have atouch sensor associated with the display 1616 to provide a touchscreendisplay configured to receive touch inputs for enabling interaction witha graphic interface presented on the display 1616. Accordingly,implementations herein are not limited to any particular displaytechnology. Alternatively, in some examples, the user device 1602 maynot include the display 1616, and information can be presented by othermeans, such as aurally, hapticly, etc.

In addition, the user device 1602 can include sensor(s) 1618. Thesensor(s) 1618 can include a GPS device able to indicate locationinformation. Further, the sensor(s) 1618 can include, but are notlimited to, an accelerometer, gyroscope, compass, proximity sensor,camera, microphone, and/or a switch.

In some example, the GPS device can be used to identify a location of auser. In at least one example, the location of the user can be used bythe service provider 1412, described above, to provide one or moreservices. That is, in some examples, the service provider 1412 canimplement geofencing to provide particular services to users. As anexample, with a lending service, location can be used to confirm that astated purpose of a loan corresponds to evidence of use (e.g., Is theuser using the loan consistent with what he or she said he or she wasgoing to use it for?). Furthermore, in some examples, location can beused for payroll purposes. As an example, if a contractor completes aproject, the contractor can provide a geo-tagged image (e.g., taggedbased on location information availed by the GPS device). In someexamples, location can be used for facilitating peer-to-peer paymentsbetween nearby users 1414 and/or for sending users 1414 notificationsregarding available appointments with merchant(s) located proximate tothe users 1414. In at least one example, location can be used for takingpayments from nearby buyers when they leave a geofence, or location canbe used to initiate an action responsive to users 1414 enter abrick-and-mortar store of a merchant. Location can be used in additionalor alternative ways as well.

Additionally, the user device 1602 can include various other componentsthat are not shown, examples of which include removable storage, a powersource, such as a battery and power control unit, a barcode scanner, aprinter, a cash drawer, and so forth.

In addition, in some examples, the user device 1602 can include, beconnectable to, or otherwise be coupled to a reader device 1626, forreading payment instruments and/or identifiers associated with paymentobjects. In some examples, as described above, the reader device 1626can plug in to a port in the user device 1602, such as a microphoneport, a headphone port, an audio-jack, a data port, or other suitableport. In additional or alternative examples, the reader device 1626 canbe coupled to the user device 1602 via another wired or wirelessconnection, such as via a Bluetooth®, BLE, and so on. The reader device1626 can include a read head for reading a magnetic strip of a paymentcard, and further can include encryption technology for encrypting theinformation read from the magnetic strip. Additionally or alternatively,the reader device 1626 can be an EMV payment reader, which in someexamples, can be embedded in the user device 1602. Moreover, numerousother types of readers can be employed with the user device 1602 herein,depending on the type and configuration of the user device 1602.

The reader device 1626 may be a portable magnetic stripe card reader,optical scanner, smartcard (card with an embedded IC chip) reader (e.g.,an EMV-compliant card reader or short-range communication-enabledreader), RFID reader, or the like, configured to detect and obtain dataoff any payment instrument. Accordingly, the reader device 1626 mayinclude hardware implementation, such as slots, magnetic tracks, andrails with one or more sensors or electrical contacts to facilitatedetection and acceptance of a payment instrument. That is, the readerdevice 1626 may include hardware implementations to enable the readerdevice 1626 to interact with a payment instrument via a swipe (i.e., acard-present transaction where a buyer slides a card having a magneticstrip through a payment reader that captures payment data contained inthe magnetic strip), a dip (i.e., a card-present transaction where abuyer inserts a card having an embedded microchip (i.e., chip) into apayment reader first until the payment reader prompts the buyer toremove the card), or a tap (i.e., a card-present transaction where abuyer may tap or hover his or her electronic device such as a smartphone running a payment application over a payment reader to complete atransaction via short-range communication) to obtain payment dataassociated with a buyer. Additionally or optionally, the reader device1626 may also include a biometric sensor to receive and processbiometric characteristics and process them as payment instruments, giventhat such biometric characteristics are registered with the paymentprocessing service provider and connected to a financial account with abank server. It should be understood that the reader device may be anECR.

The reader device 1626 may include processing unit(s), computer-readablemedia, a reader chip, a transaction chip, a timer, a clock, a networkinterface, a power supply, and so on. The processing unit(s) of thereader device 1626 may execute one or more modules and/or processes tocause the reader device 1626 to perform a variety of functions, as setforth above and explained in further detail in the following disclosure.In some examples, the processing unit(s) may include a centralprocessing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a CPU and aGPU, or processing units or components known in the art. Additionally,each of the processing unit(s) may possess its own local memory, whichalso may store program modules, program data, and/or one or moreoperating systems. Depending on the exact configuration and type of thereader device 1626, the computer-readable media may include volatilememory (such as RAM), non-volatile memory (such as ROM, flash memory,miniature hard drive, memory card, or the like), or some combinationthereof. In at least one example, the computer-readable media of thereader device 1626 may include at least one module for performingvarious functions as described herein.

The reader chip may perform functionalities to control the operationsand processing of the reader device 1626. That is, the reader chip mayperform functionalities to control payment interfaces (e.g., acontactless interface, a contact interface, etc.), a wirelesscommunication interface, a wired interface, a user interface (e.g., asignal condition device (FPGA)), etc. Additionally, the reader chip mayperform functionality to control the timer, which may provide a timersignal indicating an amount of time that has lapsed following aparticular event (e.g., an interaction, a power-down event, etc.).Moreover, the reader chip may perform functionality to control a clock,which may provide a clock signal indicating a time. Furthermore, thereader chip may perform functionality to control the network interface,which may interface with the network(s) 1606, as described below.

Additionally, the reader chip may perform functionality to control thepower supply. The power supply may include one or more power suppliessuch as a physical connection to AC power or a battery. Power supply mayinclude power conversion circuitry for converting AC power and creatinga plurality of DC voltages for use by components of reader device 1626.When power supply includes a battery, the battery may be charged via aphysical power connection, via inductive charging, or via any othersuitable method.

The transaction chip may perform functionalities relating to processingof payment transactions, interfacing with payment instruments,cryptography, and other payment-specific functionality. That is, thetransaction chip may access payment data associated with a paymentinstrument and may provide the payment data to a POS terminal, asdescribed above. The payment data may include, but is not limited to, aname of the buyer, an address of the buyer, a type (e.g., credit, debit,etc.) of a payment instrument, a number associated with the paymentinstrument, a verification value (e.g., PIN Verification Key Indicator(PVKI), PIN Verification Value (PVV), Card Verification Value (CVV),Card Verification Code (CVC), etc.) associated with the paymentinstrument, an expiration data associated with the payment instrument, aprimary account number (PAN) corresponding to the buyer (which may ormay not match the number associated with the payment instrument),restrictions on what types of charges/debts may be made, etc.Additionally, the transaction chip may encrypt the payment data uponreceiving the payment data.

It should be understood that in some examples, the reader chip may haveits own processing unit(s) and computer-readable media and/or thetransaction chip may have its own processing unit(s) andcomputer-readable media. In other examples, the functionalities ofreader chip and transaction chip may be embodied in a single chip or aplurality of chips, each including any suitable combination ofprocessing units and computer-readable media to collectively perform thefunctionalities of reader chip and transaction chip as described herein.

While, the user device 1602, which can be a POS terminal, and the readerdevice 1626 are shown as separate devices, in additional or alternativeexamples, the user device 1602 and the reader device 1626 can be part ofa single device, which may be a battery-operated device. In such anexample, components of both the user device 1602 and the reader device1626 may be associated with the single device. In some examples, thereader device 1626 can have a display integrated therewith, which can bein addition to (or as an alternative of) the display 1616 associatedwith the user device 1602.

The server(s) 1604 can include one or more servers or other types ofcomputing devices that can be embodied in any number of ways. Forexample, in the example of a server, the modules, other functionalcomponents, and data can be implemented on a single server, a cluster ofservers, a server farm or data center, a cloud-hosted computing service,a cloud-hosted storage service, and so forth, although other computerarchitectures can additionally or alternatively be used.

Further, while the figures illustrate the components and data of theserver(s) 1604 as being present in a single location, these componentsand data can alternatively be distributed across different computingdevices and different locations in any manner. Consequently, thefunctions can be implemented by one or more server computing devices,with the various functionality described above distributed in variousways across the different computing devices. Multiple server(s) 1604 canbe located together or separately, and organized, for example, asvirtual servers, server banks and/or server farms. The describedfunctionality can be provided by the servers of a single merchant orenterprise or can be provided by the servers and/or services of multipledifferent buyers or enterprises.

In the illustrated example, the server(s) 1604 can include one or moreprocessors 1628, one or more computer-readable media 1630, one or moreI/O devices 1632, and one or more communication interfaces 1634. Eachprocessor 1628 can be a single processing unit or a number of processingunits and can include single or multiple computing units or multipleprocessing cores. The processor(s) 1628 can be implemented as one ormore microprocessors, microcomputers, microcontrollers, digital signalprocessors, central processing units, state machines, logic circuitries,and/or any devices that manipulate signals based on operationalinstructions. For example, the processor(s) 1628 can be one or morehardware processors and/or logic circuits of any suitable typespecifically programmed or configured to execute the algorithms andprocesses described herein. The processor(s) 1628 can be configured tofetch and execute computer-readable instructions stored in thecomputer-readable media 1630, which can program the processor(s) 1628 toperform the functions described herein.

The computer-readable media 1630 can include volatile and nonvolatilememory and/or removable and non-removable media implemented in any typeof technology for storage of information, such as computer-readableinstructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Suchcomputer-readable media 1630 can include, but is not limited to, RAM,ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, optical storage,solid state storage, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage, RAID storagesystems, storage arrays, network attached storage, storage areanetworks, cloud storage, or any other medium that can be used to storethe desired information and that can be accessed by a computing device.Depending on the configuration of the server(s) 1604, thecomputer-readable media 1630 can be a type of computer-readable storagemedia and/or can be a tangible non-transitory media to the extent thatwhen mentioned, non-transitory computer-readable media exclude mediasuch as energy, carrier signals, electromagnetic waves, and signals perse.

The computer-readable media 1630 can be used to store any number offunctional components that are executable by the processor(s) 1628. Inmany implementations, these functional components comprise instructionsor programs that are executable by the processors 1628 and that, whenexecuted, specifically configure the one or more processors 1628 toperform the actions attributed above to the service provider 1612 and/orpayment processing service. Functional components stored in thecomputer-readable media 1630 can optionally include a merchant module1636, a training module 1638, and one or more other modules and data1640.

The merchant module 1636 can be configured to receive transaction datafrom POS systems, such as the POS system 1524 described above withreference to FIG. 15 . The merchant module 1636 can transmit requests(e.g., authorization, capture, settlement, etc.) to payment serviceserver computing device(s) to facilitate POS transactions betweenmerchants and buyers. The merchant module 1636 can communicate thesuccesses or failures of the POS transactions to the POS systems. Thepayment processing module 116 described above with reference to FIG. 1can correspond to the merchant module 1636.

The training module 1638 can be configured to train models usingmachine-learning mechanisms. For example, a machine-learning mechanismcan analyze training data to train a data model that creates an output,which can be a recommendation, a score, and/or another indication.Machine-learning mechanisms can include, but are not limited tosupervised learning algorithms (e.g., artificial neural networks,Bayesian statistics, support vector machines, decision trees,classifiers, k-nearest neighbor, etc.), unsupervised learning algorithms(e.g., artificial neural networks, association rule learning,hierarchical clustering, cluster analysis, etc.), semi-supervisedlearning algorithms, deep learning algorithms, etc.), statisticalmodels, etc. In at least one example, machine-trained data models can bestored in a data store(s) associated with the user device(s) 1602 and/orthe server(s) 1604 for use at a time after the data models have beentrained (e.g., at runtime).

The one or more other modules and data 1640 can include theinteractive-element generator 138 and/or the command generator 140, thefunctionality of which is described, at least partially, above. Further,the one or more other modules and data 1640 can include programs,drivers, etc., and the data used or created by the functionalcomponents. Further, the server(s) 1604 can include many other logical,programmatic and physical components, of which those described above aremerely examples that are related to the discussion herein.

The one or more “modules” and/or “components” referenced herein may beimplemented as more modules or as fewer modules, and functions describedfor the modules may be redistributed depending on the details of theimplementation. The term “module,” as used herein, refers broadly tosoftware stored on non-transitory storage medium (e.g., volatile ornon-volatile memory for a computing device), hardware, or firmware (orany combination thereof) modules. Modules are typically functional suchthat they that may create useful data or other output using specifiedinput(s). A module may or may not be self-contained. An applicationprogram (also called an “application”) may include one or more modules,or a module may include one or more application programs that can beaccessed over a network or downloaded as software onto a device (e.g.,executable code causing the device to perform an action). An applicationprogram (also called an “application”) may include one or more modules,or a module may include one or more application programs. In additionaland/or alternative examples, the module(s) may be implemented ascomputer-readable instructions, various data structures, and so forthvia at least one processing unit to configure the computing device(s)described herein to execute instructions and to perform operations asdescribed herein.

In some examples, a module may include one or more applicationprogramming interfaces (APIs) to perform some or all of itsfunctionality (e.g., operations). In at least one example, a softwaredeveloper kit (SDK) can be provided by the service provider to allowthird-party developers to include service provider functionality and/oravail service provider services in association with their ownthird-party applications. Additionally or alternatively, in someexamples, the service provider can utilize a SDK to integratethird-party service provider functionality into its applications. Thatis, API(s) and/or SDK(s) can enable third-party developers to customizehow their respective third-party applications interact with the serviceprovider or vice versa. The API(s) 148, described above, can correspondto such.

The computer-readable media 1630 can additionally include an operatingsystem 1642 for controlling and managing various functions of theserver(s) 1604.

The communication interface(s) 1634 can include one or more interfacesand hardware components for enabling communication with various otherdevices, such as over the network(s) 1606 or directly. For example,communication interface(s) 1634 can enable communication through one ormore network(s) 1606, which can include, but are not limited any type ofnetwork known in the art, such as a local area network or a wide areanetwork, such as the Internet, and can include a wireless network, suchas a cellular network, a local wireless network, such as Wi-Fi and/orclose-range wireless communications, such as Bluetooth®, BLE, NFC, RFID,a wired network, or any other such network, or any combination thereof.Accordingly, network(s) 1602 can include both wired and/or wirelesscommunication technologies, including Bluetooth®, BLE, Wi-Fi andcellular communication technologies, as well as wired or fiber optictechnologies. Components used for such communications can depend atleast in part upon the type of network, the environment selected, orboth. Protocols for communicating over such networks are well known andwill not be discussed herein in detail.

The server(s) 1604 can further be equipped with various I/O devices1632. Such I/O devices 1632 can include a display, various userinterface controls (e.g., buttons, joystick, keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, biometric or sensory input devices, etc.), audio speakers,connection ports and so forth.

In at least one example, the system 1600 can include data store(s) 1644that can be configured to store data that is accessible, manageable, andupdatable. In some examples, the data store(s) 1644 can be integratedwith the user device 1602 and/or the server(s) 1604. In other examples,as shown in FIG. 16 , the data store(s) 1644 can be located remotelyfrom the server(s) 1604 and can be accessible to the server(s) 1604. Thedata store(s) 1644 can comprise multiple databases and/or serversconnected locally and/or remotely via the network(s) 1606. The datastore(s) 146, described above with reference to FIG. 1A, can correspondto the data store(s) 1644.

In at least one example, the data store(s) 1644 can store user profiles,which can include merchant profiles, buyer profiles, and so on.

Merchant profiles can store, or otherwise be associated with, dataassociated with merchants. For instance, a merchant profile can store,or otherwise be associated with, information about a merchant (e.g.,name of the merchant, geographic location of the merchant, operatinghours of the merchant, employee information, etc.), a merchant categoryclassification (MCC), item(s) offered for sale by the merchant, hardware(e.g., device type) used by the merchant, transaction data associatedwith the merchant (e.g., transactions conducted by the merchant, paymentdata associated with the transactions, items associated with thetransactions, descriptions of items associated with the transactions,itemized and/or total spends of each of the transactions, parties to thetransactions, dates, times, and/or locations associated with thetransactions, etc.), loan information associated with the merchant(e.g., previous loans made to the merchant, previous defaults on saidloans, etc.), risk information associated with the merchant (e.g.,indications of risk, instances of fraud, chargebacks, etc.),appointments information (e.g., previous appointments, upcoming(scheduled) appointments, timing of appointments, lengths ofappointments, etc.), payroll information (e.g., employees, payrollfrequency, payroll amounts, etc.), employee information, reservationsdata (e.g., previous reservations, upcoming (scheduled) reservations,interactions associated with such reservations, etc.), inventory data,buyer service data, etc. The merchant profile can securely store bankaccount information as provided by the merchant. Further, the merchantprofile can store payment information associated with a paymentinstrument linked to a stored balance of the merchant, such as a storedbalance maintained in a ledger by the service provider 1412.

Buyer profiles can store buyer data including, but not limited to, buyerinformation (e.g., name, phone number, address, banking information,etc.), buyer preferences (e.g., learned or buyer-specified), purchasehistory data (e.g., identifying one or more items purchased (andrespective item information), payment instruments used to purchase oneor more items, returns associated with one or more orders, statuses ofone or more orders (e.g., preparing, packaging, in transit, delivered,etc.), etc.), appointments data (e.g., previous appointments, upcoming(scheduled) appointments, timing of appointments, lengths ofappointments, etc.), payroll data (e.g., employers, payroll frequency,payroll amounts, etc.), reservations data (e.g., previous reservations,upcoming (scheduled) reservations, reservation duration, interactionsassociated with such reservations, etc.), inventory data, buyer servicedata, etc.

In at least one example, the account(s), described above with referenceto FIG. 1 , can include or be associated with the merchant profilesand/or buyer profiles described above.

Furthermore, in at least one example, the data store(s) 1644 can storeinventory database(s) and/or catalog database(s). As described above, aninventory can store data associated with a quantity of each item that amerchant has available to the merchant. The records described above canbe stored in the inventory data store. Furthermore, a catalog can storedata associated with items that a merchant has available foracquisition. The data store(s) 1644 can store additional or alternativetypes of data as described herein.

The phrases “in some examples,” “according to various examples,” “in theexamples shown,” “in one example,” “in other examples,” “variousexamples,” “some examples,” and the like generally mean the particularfeature, structure, or characteristic following the phrase is includedin at least one example of the present invention, and may be included inmore than one example of the present invention. In addition, suchphrases do not necessarily refer to the same examples or to differentexamples.

If the specification states a component or feature “can,” “may,”“could,” or “might” be included or have a characteristic, thatparticular component or feature is not required to be included or havethe characteristic.

Further, the aforementioned description is directed to devices andapplications that are related to payment technology. However, it will beunderstood, that the technology can be extended to any device andapplication. Moreover, techniques described herein can be configured tooperate irrespective of the kind of payment object reader, POS terminal,web applications, mobile applications, POS topologies, payment cards,computer networks, and environments.

Various figures included herein are flowcharts showing example methodsinvolving techniques as described herein. The methods illustrated aredescribed with reference to FIGS. 11-14 for convenience and ease ofunderstanding. However, the methods illustrated are not limited to beingperformed using components described in FIGS. 1A-10, 15, and 16 , andsuch components are not limited to performing the methods illustratedherein.

Furthermore, the methods described above are illustrated as collectionsof blocks in logical flow graphs, which represent sequences ofoperations that can be implemented in hardware, software, or acombination thereof. In the context of software, the blocks representcomputer-executable instructions stored on one or more computer-readablestorage media that, when executed by processor(s), perform the recitedoperations. Generally, computer-executable instructions includeroutines, programs, objects, components, data structures, and the likethat perform particular functions or implement particular abstract datatypes. The order in which the operations are described is not intendedto be construed as a limitation, and any number of the described blockscan be combined in any order and/or in parallel to implement theprocesses. In some embodiments, one or more blocks of the process can beomitted entirely. Moreover, the methods can be combined in whole or inpart with each other or with other methods.

The foregoing is merely illustrative of the principles of thisdisclosure and various modifications can be made by those skilled in theart without departing from the scope of this disclosure. The abovedescribed examples are presented for purposes of illustration and not oflimitation. The present disclosure also can take many forms other thanthose explicitly described herein. Accordingly, it is emphasized thatthis disclosure is not limited to the explicitly disclosed methods,systems, and apparatuses, but is intended to include variations to andmodifications thereof, which are within the spirit of the followingclaims.

As a further example, variations of apparatus or process limitations(e.g., dimensions, configurations, components, process step order, etc.)can be made to further optimize the provided structures, devices andmethods, as shown and described herein. In any event, the structures anddevices, as well as the associated methods, described herein have manyapplications. Therefore, the disclosed subject matter should not belimited to any single example described herein, but rather should beconstrued in breadth and scope in accordance with the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method, comprising: configuring a point of sale(POS) application installed on a mobile device to utilize an embeddedcard reader (ECR) of the mobile device; configuring the POS applicationto utilize a touchscreen display of the mobile device; configuring thePOS application to: receive, based at least in part on an interactionbetween the ECR and the mobile device, a personal account number (PAN)from the ECR; send the PAN to a payment processing service that isremote from the mobile device; and receive an personal identificationnumber (PIN) from the touchscreen display; receiving, at the POSapplication and based at least in part on the interaction between theECR and the mobile device, the PAN for a transaction; sending the PAN tothe payment processing service along with a default PIN associated withthe payment processing service; removing, by the POS application andbased at least in part on sending the PAN and default PIN to the paymentprocessing service, the PAN from the mobile device before requesting thePIN; rendering, based at least in part on the PAN being removed from themobile device, a PIN user interface; receiving, at the POS applicationand utilizing the PIN user interface, the PIN; and completing thetransaction based at least in part on receiving the PAN and the PIN. 2.The method as claim 1 recites, further comprising: receiving, from apayment processing service, a request for the PIN; and wherein removingthe PAN from the mobile device is in response to receiving the requestfor the PIN.
 3. The method as claim 1 recites, further comprising:causing, after receiving the PAN, a trust routine to be performed inassociation with the mobile device, the trust routine configured todetermine whether the mobile device has been tampered with; determiningthat the trust routine indicates the mobile device has not been tamperedwith; and wherein requesting the PIN is in response to the trust routineindicating the mobile device has not been tampered with.
 4. The methodas claim 1 recites, wherein: receiving the PAN comprises receiving thePAN at a trusted execution environment (TEE) of the mobile device; andthe PIN is received outside the TEE of the mobile device.
 5. The methodas claim 1 recites, further comprising: receiving an indication thatuser input is received that corresponds to the PIN; and whereincompleting the transaction is based at least in part on the indication.6. The method as claim 1 recites, wherein receiving the PAN comprisesreceiving encrypted first data representing the PAN from the ECR, andthe method further comprises: sending the encrypted first data to thepayment processing service; receiving encrypted second data representingthe PIN; and sending the encrypted second data to the payment processingservice.
 7. The method as claim 1 recites, further comprising: receivingencrypted data representing the PIN; sending the encrypted data to thepayment processing system; receiving, from the payment processingsystem, an indication that the PIN, as decrypted by the paymentprocessing system, is authorized in association with the PAN; andwherein completing the transaction is based at least in part on the PINbeing authorized in association with the PAN.
 8. The method as claim 1recites, wherein the POS application comprises a first application, andthe method further comprises: receiving the PIN at a second applicationconfigured to prevent communication between the second application andthe first application; and sending the PIN from the second applicationto the payment processing service.
 9. The method as claim 1 recites,wherein removing the PAN from the mobile device comprises: identifyingdata representing the PAN as stored in relation to the POS application;and causing the POS application to delete the data representing the PAN.10. The method as claim 1 recites, further comprising: determining thedefault PIN associated with the payment processing system based at leastin part on the payment processing system being integrated with the POSapplication to conduct transactions; and generating the default PIN. 11.A device, comprising: one or more processors; and non-transitorycomputer-readable media storing instructions that, when executed by theone or more processors, cause the one or more processors to performoperations comprising: configuring a point of sale (POS) applicationinstalled on the device to utilize an embedded card reader (ECR) of thedevice; configuring the POS application to utilize a touchscreen displayof the mobile device; receiving, at the POS application and based atleast in part on an interaction between the ECR and the device, the PANfor a transaction; sending the PAN to a payment processing service alongwith a default PIN associated with the payment processing service;removing, by the POS application and based at least in part on sendingthe PAN and default PIN to the payment processing service, the PAN fromthe mobile device before requesting the PIN; rendering, based at leastin part on the PAN being removed from the mobile device, a PIN userinterface; receiving, at the POS application and utilizing the PIN userinterface, the PIN; and completing the transaction based at least inpart on receiving the PAN and the PIN.
 12. The device as claim 11recites, the operations further comprising: receiving, from a paymentprocessing service, a request for the PIN; and wherein removing the PANfrom the device is in response to receiving the request for the PIN. 13.The device as claim 11 recites, the operations further comprising:causing, after receiving the PAN, a trust routine to be performed inassociation with the device, the trust routine configured to determinewhether the device has been tampered with; determining that the trustroutine indicates the device has not been tampered with; and whereinrequesting the PIN is in response to the trust routine indicating thedevice has not been tampered with.
 14. The device as claim 11 recites,wherein: receiving the PAN comprises receiving the PAN at a trustedexecution environment (TEE) of the device; and the PIN is receivedoutside the TEE of the device.
 15. The device as claim 11 recites, theoperations further comprising: receiving an indication that user inputis received that corresponds to the PIN; and wherein completing thetransaction is based at least in part on the indication.
 16. The deviceas claim 11 recites, wherein receiving the PAN comprises receivingencrypted first data representing the PAN from the ECR, and theoperations further comprise: sending the encrypted first data to thepayment processing service; receiving encrypted second data representingthe PIN; and sending the encrypted second data to the payment processingservice.
 17. The device as claim 11 recites, the operations furthercomprising: receiving encrypted data representing the PIN; sending theencrypted data to the payment processing system; receiving, from thepayment processing system, an indication that the PIN, as decrypted bythe payment processing system, is authorized in association with thePAN; and wherein completing the transaction is based at least in part onthe PIN being authorized in association with the PAN.
 18. The device asclaim 11 recites, wherein the POS application comprises a firstapplication, and the operations further comprise: receiving the PIN at asecond application configured to prevent communication between thesecond application and the first application; and sending the PIN fromthe second application to the payment processing service.
 19. The deviceas claim 11 recites, wherein removing the PAN from the device comprises:identifying data representing the PAN as stored in relation to the POSapplication; and causing the POS application to delete the datarepresenting the PAN.
 20. The device as claim 11 recites, the operationsfurther comprising: determining the default PIN associated with thepayment processing system based at least in part on the paymentprocessing system being integrated with the POS application to conducttransactions; and generating the default PIN.